Osteoblast filopodia extensions on NCO (a), SMCD (b) and Si (c) after 48 h of culture. The arrows in (b) indicate filopodia extensions converging to some spots on the diamond surfaces. Osteoblast seeding density was 10,000 cells/cm2. Reprinted from Biomaterials, 30, Yang, L., Sheldon, B. W. and Webster, T. J., The impact of diamond nanocrystallinity on osteoblast functions, 3463, Copyright (2009), with permission from Elsevier.