SEM images showing surface (top) and interface (middle and bottom) morphology from a delaminated nanostructured diamond film grown on CoCrMo with oxygen at a low substrate temperature (825°C). Carbon nanotubes are observed to develop at the interface. Reprinted with kind permission from Springer Science + Business Media: Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, Improved adhesion of ultra-hard carbon films on cobalt-chromium orthopaedic implant alloy, 22, 2011, Catledge, S. A, Vaid, R., Diggins, P. T., Weimer, J. J., Koopman, M. and Vohra, Y. K., Figure Number 5.