Rapamycin enhances genetic modification of adult hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) with multiple lentiviral vectors. (A): Enhancement of genetic modification of adult HSPCs in the presence of rapamycin with multiple vectors. GFP+ percentage analysis from LV1 (n = 9) and LV3 (n = 3) transduced cells (left y-axis) and transgene copy number analysis by quantitative polymerase chain reaction from LV4 (n = 3) transduced cells (right y-axis) after 7 days of expansion culture. (B): Increase in transduction of individual donor hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in response to rapamycin treatment. CD34+ cells from six donors were transduced with LV1 and analyzed for GFP+ expression after 7 days of expansion culture. Treatment groups were analyzed for significance using the Student’s paired, two-tailed t test. Height of bars represents the average value, and error bars represent SEM. ∗∗∗, p < .001; ∗, p < .05. Abbreviations: Avg, average; GFP, green fluorescent protein; HSPC, hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells; LV, lentivirus; Rapa, rapamycin.