Figure 4.

Histological analyses. (A, B): Coronal sections of spinal fusion stained with hematoxylin and eosin (A) and Masson’s trichrome (B). (C): Quantification for fractional bone area. (D, E): Representative osteocalcin (D) and bone sialoprotein, immunohistochemical staining, and quantification (E). Yellow arrows = hypertrophic chondrocytes; green arrow = osteoid; black scale bar = 0.5 cm; blue scale bar = 100 μm; green scale bar = 50 μm. ∗, p ≤ .05; ∗∗, p ≤ .01 compared with control. A slight dose-dependent effect was observed in histomorphometric analysis between hPSC-treated groups. Abbreviations: BSP, bone sialoprotein; H&E, hematoxylin and eosin; hPSC, human perivascular stem cell; OCN, osteocalcin.