Table 2.

Average annual age-adjusted incidence of influenza-associated hospitalizations among adults by neighborhood SES characteristic and by race/ethnicity, New Haven County, CT, 2007–2011 (N = 1094)

Neighborhood characteristic	Number (%) of cases	Overall age-adjusted** incidence*	Non-Hispanic white Age-adjusted incidence*	Non-Hispanic black Age-adjusted incidence*	Hispanic age-adjusted incidence*
Below poverty***
Low (0–4·9%)	340	26·45	24·84	45·36	26·43
Medium–low (5–9·9%)	180	39·72	34·55	77·30	68·83
Medium–high (10–19·9%)	297	59·94	47·67	80·11	53·07
High (≥20%)	277	78·20	45·30	106·48	91·73
No high school diploma
Low (0–14·9%)	645	34·35	29·39	76·36	50·04
Medium–low (15–24·9%)	267	54·86	40·19	79·37	57·57
Medium–high (25–39·9%)	138	85·32	51·80	108·93	107·15
High (≥40%)	44	78·35	58·00	105·76	72·24
crowding
Low (0–0·09%)	402	29·26	26·54	50·80	35·93
Medium–low 1–2·9%	288	42·01	34·21	71·04	55·75
Medium–high (3–4·9%)	193	71·87	51·22	101·50	69·33
High (≥5%)	211	80·96	53·65	114·53	103·81
Non-English speaking households
Low (0–3·9%)	479	31·77	28·02	63·03	33·62
Medium–low (4–7·9%)	335	43·76	33·89	79·01	56·12
Medium–high (8–11·9%)	113	82·72	63·11	100·25	74·28
High (≥12%)	167	100·83	66·08	132·79	113·74
Median income
High (≥$75 000)	57	23·62	23·54	25·11	26·19
Medium–high ($50 000–$74 999)	463	36·14	32·25	65·57	44·40
Medium–low ($25 000–$49 999)	356	75·51	48·72	100·64	87·66
Low ($0–24 999)	218	77·35	63·35	87·48	66·24

^*P < 0·01 by chi-squared test for trend for each category in the column except for blacks with no high school diploma (P = 0·03).

^**Age-adjusted by three age groups: 18–49 years, 50–64 years, and ≥65 years, standardized to the 2010 New Haven County, Connecticut, adult population.

^***Poverty defined as the percentage of persons living below the federal poverty level in a census tract per the 2006–2010 American Community Survey.¹²