Table 5.

Estimates of logit models of child mortality in 1880 Newark, NJ

	Standard Multilevel			Pure Spatial			Hybrid CAR			Hybrid Spatial
	β	SE		β	SE		β	SE		β	SE
Individual
Sex (ref = female)	0.218	0.094	*	0.213	0.091	*	0.217	0.098	*	0.202	0.088	*
Ethnicity (ref = Yankee)
Irish	0.371	0.120	**	0.350	0.127	**	0.372	0.125	**	0.366	0.114	***
German	−0.442	0.144	**	−0.429	0.147	**	−0.432	0.151	**	−0.455	0.151	**
Household
Head's age	−0.002	0.006		−0.002	0.006		−0.001	0.006		−0.003	0.006
Head's socioeconomic index	−0.008	0.003	**	−0.008	0.003	**	−0.008	0.003	**	−0.008	0.003	**
Number of children	0.011	0.028		0.009	0.029		0.007	0.029		0.013	0.029
Enumeration District
Simpson's diversity index	0.604	0.313	*	0.470	0.321		0.491	0.338		0.459	0.365
Population density	0.050	0.069		0.057	0.081		0.041	0.078		0.053	0.076
Median socioeconomic index	−0.001	0.007		0.002	0.008		0.000	0.007		0.000	0.007
Random Effects
σs2	—	—		0.488	0.380		0.174	0.174		0.244	0.16
σu2	0.288	0.08		—	—		0.052	0.046		0.19	0.11
Spatial Correlation
φ	—	—		3.754	3.019		—	—		4.711	2.752
3/φ	—	—		0.799			—			0.637
Constant	−2.857	0.349	***	−2.826	0.364		−2.355	1.012		−2.704	0.479	***
DIC	3455			3429			3435			3426

Notes: (1) Each model is fitted by running 3 MCMC chains, each of which runs 80,000 iterations with the first half discarded as the burn-in; the posterior distributions are summarized from the 1,000 iterations after thinning.

(2) β and SE are the means and standard deviations of the posterior distributions.

(3) *p<.05; **p<.01; ***p<.001.