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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Oct 2.
Published in final edited form as: Med Decis Making. 2009 Sep 22;30(2):206–216. doi: 10.1177/0272989X09343960

Table 3.

Bivariate Associations between Patient Characteristics and Time Required for One Anticoagulation Clinic Visit, Including Travel and Waiting

Characteristica n Medianb Pb
Male 45 105 0.029
Female 40 140
REALM categoryc
    3rd grade and below (0-18) 0 0.024
    4th to 6th grade (19-44) 5 190
    7th to 8th grade (45-60) 9 150
    High School (61-66) 71 115
Medicare
    Yes 36 109.5 0.03
    No 50 133.5
Medicaid
    Yes 14 140 0.038
    No 72 115
Other insurance 59 112 0.014
No other insurance 27 140
Current employment status
    Employed 23 105 0.002
    Unemployed 4 142.5
    Housewife/husband 3 100
    Retired 24 94
    Disabled 21 180
    Student 5 115
    Other 4 122.5
Annual household income range
    0 to $14,999 26 150 0.029
    $15,000 to $29,999 11 160
    $30,000 to $44,999 9 100
    $45,000 to $59,999 10 131.5
    $60,000 to $74,999 0
    $75,000 to $89,999 4 117.5
    $90,000 or greater 19 112
Education
    7th grade or lower 1 150 0.011
    8th to 11th grade 8 190
    High school graduate or GED 18 150
    Some college or vocational school 16 119.5
    2-year college degree 5 125
    4-year college degree 16 101
    Professional or graduate degree 19 100
Missed work 25 105 0.018
Did not miss work 60 133.5
a

Bivariate associations are only shown for those factors with statistically significant associations with time (P < 0.05). Race, target international normalized ratio range, primary reason for anticoagulation, duration of warfarin therapy, who accompanied the patient, self-rated general health, insurance status, and satisfaction with the clinic were not significantly associated (P > 0.05).

b

Medians and P values calculated using Wilcoxon rank-sum tests for variables with 2 categories and Kruskal-Wallis tests for variables with more than 2 categories. For variables with more than 2 categories, the P values reported are those for the entire variable group.

c

REALM scores range from 0 to 66 and are divided into 4 categories: (1) 3rd grade and below, scores of 0 to 18, subject will not be able to read most low literacy materials and will need repeated oral instructions and materials composed primarily of illustrations or audio- or videotapes; (2) 4th to 6th grade, scores of 19 to 44, will need low literacy materials and may not be able to read prescription labels; (3) 7th to 8th grade, scores of 45 to 60, will struggle with most patient education materials; (4) high school, scores of 61 to 66, will be able to read most patient education materials.