Table 3.
Demographic and clinical characteristic of children <15 years infected with seasonal H3N2 and H1N1, and pandemic influenza (A(H1N1)pdm09)
| Characteristic | Seasonal influenza (H3N2, H1N1) | Pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| n = 269 | n = 57 | ||
| n/Mean (%/SD) | |||
| Gender | |||
| Male | 165 (61) | 33 (58) | 0·629 |
| Female | 104 (39) | 24 (42) | |
| Age (month) | 27·5 (25·5) | 40·8 (35·9) | <0·001 |
| Duration for onset to admission | 3·1 (0·3) | 1·6 (2·3) | 0·001 |
| Clinical findings | |||
| Body temperature (°C) | 38·4 (0·8) | 37·9 (0·9) | <0·001 |
| Pulse rate (per minute) | 114·2 (11·7) | 98·6 (12·7) | <0·001 |
| Wheeze | |||
| Yes | 145 (54) | 9 (16) | <0·001 |
| No | 124 (46) | 48 (84) | |
| WBC | 11·7 (5·6) | 10·3 (5·2) | 0·089 |
| RBC | 4·5 (0·8) | 4·5 (0·5) | 0·917 |
| Radiographically confirmed pneumonia (RCP) | |||
| Yes | 72 (27) | 6 (11) | 0·011 |
| No | 197 (73) | 51 (89) | |
| Management | |||
| Hospitalized period (days) | 5·1 (3·0) | 5·7 (8·0) | 0·3 |
| Number of household members | 5·1 (2·0) | 4·8 (2·7) | 0·31 |
| Breast feeding | |||
| Yes | 79 (30) | 8 (14) | 0·017 |
| No | 189 (70) | 49 (86) | |
| Kindergarten attendance | |||
| Yes | 142 (53) | 35 (62) | 0·236 |
| No | 127 (47) | 22 (38) | |
| Antibiotics given before admission | |||
| Yes | 103 (38) | 19 (33) | 0·482 |
| No | 166 (62) | 38 (67) | |
| Antibiotics used | |||
| Yes | 267 (99·3) | 57 (100) | 0·514 |
| No | 2 (0·7) | 0 (0) | |
| Steroid used | |||
| Yes | 110 (41) | 14 (25) | 0·021 |
| No | 159 (59) | 43 (75) | |
| Virus coinfection | |||
| Dual infection | |||
| Yes | 69 (26) | 6 (11) | 0·014 |
| No | 200 (74) | 51 (89) | |
| Triple infection | |||
| Yes | 14 (5) | 0(0) | 0·078 |
| No | 255 (95) | 57 (100) | |
| Multi-infection | |||
| Yes | 84 (31) | 6 (11) | 0·001 |
| No | 185 (69) | 51 (89) | |
Significant P-values are shown in bold.