Table 1.
Factors associated with RV type among patients hospitalized with severe acute respiratory illness, South Africa, 2009–2010
| Factor | Univariable analysis | Multivariable analysis* | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RV-A** | RV-B | RV-C | RV-B | RV-C | |||
| n/N (%) | n/N (%) | RRR*** (95% CI) | n/N (%) | RRR*** (95% CI) | RRR† (95% CI) | RRR† (95% CI) | |
| Age group, yrs | |||||||
| <5 | 78/162 (48) | 9/39 (23) | 1 | 90/156 (58) | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 5–14 | 9/162 (6) | 1/39 (3) | 0·9 (0·1–8·5) | 10/156 (6) | 0·9 (0·4–2·5) | 1·1 (0·1–9·3) | 0·9 (0·3–2·2) |
| 15–24 | 9/162 (6) | 2/39 (5) | 1·9 (0·3–10·3) | 6/156 (4) | 0·6 (0·2–1·7) | 1·8 (0·3–9·5) | 0·6 (0·2–1·9) |
| 25–44 | 42/162 (26) | 19/39 (49) | 3·9 (1·6–9·4) | 38/156 (24) | 0·8 (0·5–1·3) | 3·5 (1·4–8·5) | 0·9 (0·5–1·6) |
| 45+ | 24/162 (15) | 8/39 (20) | 2·9 (1·1–8·3) | 12/156 (8) | 0·4 (0·2–0·9) | 2·6 (0·9–7·8) | 0·4 (0·2–0·9) |
| Sex (male) | 82/162 (51) | 13/39 (33) | 0·5 (0·2–1·1) | 75/156 (48) | 0·9 (0·6–1·4) | ||
| Year | |||||||
| 2009 | 52/162 (33) | 6/39 (15) | 1 | 85/156 (54) | 1 | 1 | |
| 2010 | 109/162 (66) | 33/39 (85) | 2·7 (1·1–6·7) | 71/156 (46) | 0·4 (0·2–0·6) | 2·0 (0·7–5·2) | 0·4 (0·3–0·7) |
| Duration of symptoms >2 days | 115/162 (71) | 33/39 (85) | 2·4 (0·9–5·7) | 101/156 (65) | 0·7 (0·5–1·2) | ||
| Length of hospitalization >5 days | 68/161 (42) | 25/39 (64) | 2·4 (1·2–5·0) | 58/155 (37) | 0·8 (0·5–1·3) | ||
| HIV infection | 71/153 (46) | 26/37 (70) | 2·7 (1·2–5·9) | 60/135 (44) | 0·8 (0·5–1·3) | ||
| Asthma†† | 5/162 (3) | 1/39 (2) | 0·8 (0·1–7·2) | 10/156 (6) | 2·1 (0·7–6·4) | 0·6 (0·1–5·5) | 3·4 (1·1–11·1) |
| Underlying illness††† | 15/162 (9) | 2/39 (5) | 0·5 (0·1–2·4) | 16/156 (10) | 1·1 (0·5–2·3) | ||
| Oxygen therapy | 56/161 (35) | 20/39 (51) | 2·0 (0·9–4·0) | 63/156 (40) | 1·3 (0·8–2·0) | ||
| Patient died | 8/162 (5) | 1/39 (3) | 0·5 (0·1–4·2) | 8/156 (5) | 1·0 (0·4–2·8 | ||
Reference group for the multinomial regression model.
Unadjusted relative risk ratio (RRR) at univariable analysis.
Adjusted relative risk ratio (aRRR) at multivariable analysis.
Only covariates significant at the multivariable analysis are reported.
Asthma was defined in our database as a history of asthma no distinction was made if they were undergoing an exacerbation of their asthma.
Underlying illness includes: chronic lung diseases, cirrhosis/liver failure, chronic renal failure, heart failure, valvular hearth disease, coronary heart disease, immunosuppressive therapy, splenectomy, diabetes, burns, kwashiorkor/marasmus, nephritic syndrome, spinal cord injury, seizure disorder or emphysema. RRR highlighted in bold indicates factors significant at P < 0·05.