TABLE 1.
List of Addictions by Motives
| Addiction | Appetitive Motives
|
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dominance | Avoidance/submissive | Pleasure/hedonist | Nurturance | |
| Drug intake | X | X | ||
| Food intake | X | X | ||
| Compulsive antisocial behavior (violence) | X | X | ||
| Technology/communications-related | X | X | ||
| Gambling | X | X | ||
| Working | X | X | ||
| Social group-related | X | X | ||
| Physical attractiveness seeking | X | X | ||
| Exercise | X | X | ||
| Spiritual obsession | X | X | ||
| Pain seeking | X | X | ||
| Shopping | X | X | ||
| Adventure thrills | X | X | ||
| Hoarding | X | X | ||
| Fantasizing | X | X | ||
| Voyeurism | X | X | ||
Note. This listing is a heuristic device and must be interpreted with caution; empirical studies are needed.