Table 2.
Adjusted percentage difference (95% CI) in plasma homocysteine per IQR increment in Pb exposure biomarker.
| Estimate | Pb concentration | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Blood (IQR = 3 μg/dL) | Tibia (IQR = 14 μg/g) | Patella (IQR = 21 μg/g) | |
| Core modela | |||
| Observations (n) | 1,056 (2,301) | 777 (2,158) | 770 (2,133) |
| Percentage difference in Hcy per IQR biomarker (95% CI) | 6.3 (4.8, 7.8) | 3.7 (1.7, 5.6) | 3.0 (1.0, 5.0) |
| p-Value | < 0.0001 | 0.0002 | 0.003 |
| Core model plus plasma nutrientsb | |||
| Observations (n) | 1,033 (2,240) | 767 (2,106) | 760 (2,082) |
| Percentage difference in Hcy per IQR biomarker (95% CI) | 5.5 (4.0, 6.9) | 3.6 (1.7, 5.5) | 3.0 (1.0, 5.0) |
| p-Value | < 0.0001 | 0.0002 | 0.003 |
| Core model plus dietary and supplement nutrientsc | |||
| Observations (n) | 779 (1,241) | 634 (1,328) | 627 (1,314) |
| Percentage difference in Hcy per IQR biomarker (95% CI) | 6.5 (4.3, 8.8) | 3.0 (0.8, 5.2) | 2.1 (–0.2, 4.4) |
| p-Value | < 0.0001 | 0.008 | 0.07 |
| Hcy, homocysteine. aCore covariates were baseline age, time since baseline, education, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and BMI; mixed-effects models used random intercepts and unstructured correlation structures. bAnalyses were further adjusted for plasma nutrients including core covariates and plasma PLP (B6), B12, and folate. cAnalyses were further adjusted for dietary nutrients including core covariates, total energy, and total energy–adjusted dietary intakes of vitamin B6, vitamin B12, and folate as well as supplement use (yes/no) of vitamin B6, vitamin B12, and folate, based on FFQ responses. | |||