Table 4.
Adjusted ORsa (95% CIs) for DD and residential proximity to agricultural pesticide applications (any vs. none) within prespecified buffers, by time period.b
| Pesticide, buffer radius (km) | Pregnancy | Preconception | 1st trimester | 2nd trimester | 3rd trimester |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Organophosphates | |||||
| 1.25 | 1.23 (0.65, 2.31) | 1.20 (0.54, 2.65) | 1.29 (0.60, 2.79) | 1.62 (0.75, 3.48) | 1.10 (0.46, 2.67) |
| 1.5 | 1.07 (0.60, 1.92) | 0.94 (0.45, 1.97) | 1.00 (0.50, 1.99) | 1.46 (0.72, 2.96) | 0.92 (0.40, 2.13) |
| 1.75 | 1.01 (0.59, 1.73) | 1.30 (0.69, 2.46) | 0.98 (0.54, 1.80) | 1.52 (0.81, 2.85) | 1.21 (0.60, 2.46) |
| Chlorpyrifos | |||||
| 1.25 | 1.62 (0.68, 3.85) | 1.73 (0.58, 5.17) | 1.61 (0.53, 4.87) | 1.73 (0.48, 6.19) | 1.04 (0.25, 4.28) |
| 1.5 | 1.31 (0.61, 2.82) | 1.11 (0.41, 3.00) | 1.27 (0.48, 3.36) | 1.43 (0.46, 4.44) | 0.73 (0.21, 2.48) |
| 1.75 | 1.63 (0.84, 3.16) | 1.34 (0.55, 3.25) | 1.40 (0.62, 3.17) | 1.63 (0.61, 4.39) | 1.34 (0.50, 3.60) |
| Pyrethroids | |||||
| 1.25 | 1.53 (0.81, 2.90) | 1.96 (0.90, 4.29) | 1.70 (0.80, 3.61) | 1.63 (0.72, 3.68) | 1.69 (0.74, 3.88) |
| 1.5 | 1.37 (0.76, 2.47) | 1.44 (0.69, 3.03) | 1.41 (0.72, 2.76) | 1.27 (0.58, 2.79) | 1.75 (0.81, 3.78) |
| 1.75 | 1.19 (0.68, 2.08) | 1.88 (0.98, 3.60) | 1.36 (0.73, 2.51) | 1.42 (0.72, 2.80) | 2.34 (1.18, 4.67) |
| Type 2 | |||||
| 1.25 | 1.56 (0.81, 2.90) | 1.43 (0.61, 3.33) | 1.60 (0.72, 3.59) | 1.78 (0.78, 4.08) | 1.80 (0.77, 4.18) |
| 1.5 | 1.46 (0.79, 2.70) | 1.09 (0.48, 2.46) | 1.49 (0.71, 3.12) | 1.41 (0.64, 3.13) | 1.87 (0.85, 4.11) |
| 1.75 | 1.34 (0.76, 2.37) | 1.18 (0.57, 2.43) | 1.37 (0.71, 2.64) | 1.66 (0.84, 3.28) | 2.31 (1.15, 4.66) |
| Carbamatesc | |||||
| 1.25 | 2.48 (1.04, 5.91) | — | — | — | — |
| 1.5 | 1.65 (0.70, 3.89) | — | — | — | — |
| 1.75 | 1.32 (0.60, 2.88) | — | — | — | — |
| aMultivariate multinomial conditional logistic regression with survey weights and strata variables for matching variables. All models were adjusted for paternal education, home ownership, maternal place of birth, child race/ethnicity, maternal prenatal vitamin intake (during the 3 months before pregnancy through the first month), and year of birth. bPregnancy: conception (day 0) to the end of pregnancy; preconception: 90 days before conception; 1st trimester: 0–90 days; 2nd trimester: 91–180 days; 3rd trimester: 181 days–birth. cDue to low frequency of exposure, the cell counts were too small (< 10) to explore temporal associations, and thus are not presented here. | |||||