. 2014 Jun 13;122(10):1059–1065. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1408198

Table 2.

Association between arsenic exposure and diabetes among 52,931 DCH cohort participants for two definitions of diabetes incidence based on the NDR.

Diabetes definition and arsenic exposure (μg/L)	Cases (n)	IRR (95% CI)
Diabetes definition and arsenic exposure (μg/L)	Cases (n)	Crude^a^,^b	Adjusted model^a^,^b^,^c
All diabetes
< 0.57	1,049	1.00 (Referent)	1.00 (Referent)
0.57–0.74	1,021	1.09 (1.00, 1.19)	0.96 (0.87, 1.05)
0.74–1.82	1,017	1.06 (0.97, 1.15)	1.08 (0.99, 1.18)
> 1.82	1,217	1.20 (1.10, 1.30)	1.19 (1.09, 1.31)
Linear trend per μg/L	4,304	1.02 (1.01, 1.04)	1.03 (1.01, 1.06)
Strict diabetes
< 0.57	749	1.00 (Referent)	1.00 (Referent)
0.57–0.74	856	1.28 (1.16, 1.41)	1.03 (0.92, 1.14)
0.74–1.82	648	0.94 (0.84, 1.04)	1.00 (0.89, 1.11)
> 1.82	782	1.07 (0.97, 1.19)	0.99 (0.89, 1.11)
Linear trend per μg/L	3,035	1.00 (0.98, 1.03)	1.02 (0.99, 1.05)
^aAdjusted for age by using it as the time scale in the Cox model. ^bBecause cohort members with missing value in any covariate were excluded, the number of persons was identical in the crude and the adjusted analyses. ^cAdjusted for calendar year, sex, BMI (kg/m²), waist circumference (cm), smoking (indicator: never, former, current), ETS (indicator: yes/no), physical sports and activity in leisure time [indicator: yes/no, and intensity (hr/week)], alcohol consumption (indicator: yes/no, and g/day), fruit consumption (g/day), vegetable consumption (g/day), saturated fat consumption (g/day), educational level (indicator: < 8, 8–10, > 10 years), SES (indicator: low, medium low, medium high, and high).