Table 3. Baseline characteristics of patients with an index hospitalization for pneumonia.
| Characteristic | Age Group (Years) | p-Value | |||
| 18–39 | 40–54 | 55–64 | ≥65 | ||
| No. of hospitalizations | 12288 | 26997 | 27764 | 132571 | |
| Age, mean (SD) | 30.3 (6.1) | 48.2 (4.08) | 59.6 (2.8) | 80.0 (7.8) | <0.001 |
| Male (%) | 49.4 | 49.5 | 49.3 | 46.3 | <0.001 |
| Race (%) | |||||
| White | 40.6 | 51.0 | 58.2 | 65.9 | <0.001 |
| Black | 11.2 | 14.8 | 10.7 | 4.8 | |
| Hispanic | 30.2 | 21.8 | 19.4 | 14.9 | |
| Other | 18.0 | 12.5 | 11.7 | 14.4 | |
| Payer status (%) | |||||
| Medicare | 12.2 | 22.5 | 30.0 | 89.2 | <0.001 |
| Medicaid | 31.3 | 26.7 | 23.2 | 4.3 | |
| Private insurance | 38.1 | 36.0 | 37.6 | 5.9 | |
| Other | 18.4 | 14.8 | 9.2 | 0.6 | |
| Comorbidities at hospitalization (%) | |||||
| Congestive heart failure | 5.3 | 10.9 | 16.1 | 21.4 | <0.001 |
| Acute coronary syndrome | 0.5 | 2.3 | 3.8 | 4.4 | <0.001 |
| Chronic atherosclerosis | 2.0 | 11.0 | 22.9 | 37.2 | <0.001 |
| Stroke | 0.5 | 1.2 | 1.7 | 2.7 | <0.001 |
| Diabetes and complications | 14.9 | 29.4 | 39.7 | 34.6 | <0.001 |
| End-stage renal disease or dialysis | 2.8 | 3.5 | 4.3 | 2.2 | <0.001 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 8.1 | 28.6 | 42.4 | 45.9 | <0.001 |
| Pneumonia | 91.4 | 92.2 | 92.1 | 93.4 | <0.001 |
| Asthma | 23.1 | 17.8 | 11.9 | 6.9 | <0.001 |
| Dementia and senility | 1.9 | 2.4 | 4.8 | 26.0 | <0.001 |
| Hemiplegia, paralysis, and functional disability | 8.6 | 6.5 | 7.3 | 6.4 | <0.001 |
| Major psychiatric disorders | 8.1 | 13.3 | 12.8 | 6.8 | <0.001 |
| Drug and alcohol abuse | 28.8 | 40.7 | 34.0 | 12.6 | <0.001 |