|
“Drastic”
|
“Intermittent”
|
| Season of drought and occurrence |
Spring drought during four consecutive years |
Spring or summer drought every two years |
| Effects on vegetation |
Change in species composition. Development of species adapted to drought (eg. Festuca paniculata, Carex sempervirens) |
No change |
| Effects on biomass production |
Decrease by more than 50% |
Decrease by 15% during drought years |
| Effects on water quantity (springs) |
Decreased flow of all springs, even quenching of the less productive ones |
Decreased flow of the springs |
|
Socio-economic alternatives
|
|
“Local”
|
“International”
|
| Consumption demand |
Local and high quality products |
Cheapest prices |
| Aim of agricultural subsidies |
To maintain both an agriculture with quality production and a high level of ecosystem services and biodiversity conservation. High subsidies but more restrictive in term of expected outcomes than in the “International” alternative. |
To maintain open landscapes and production of environmental services such as carbon sequestration. Lower subsidies than on the local alternative, but less restrictive. A minimal income is guaranteed to farmers |
| Subsidies |
20% of CAP pillar 1 support: no minimum guaranteed; Agri-environmental measures (AEM): Bonus for biodiversity with commitment to results (e.g. maintain plant diversity): 210€/ha (maximum 10000€/farm) c).; Strengthening of eco-conditionality requirements for funding (e.g. manure control) |
20% of CAP pillar 1 support: subsidies generally decoupled but minimum guaranteed (1 yearly minimum wage); Agri-environmental measures (AEM): Bonus for maintaining grasslands; Carbon credits: 76€/ha (maximum 76000€/farm) |
