Table 1.
Preoperative characteristics
| Characteristic | Without diabetes | Noninsulin dependent | Insulin dependent | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of patients | 36,574 | 5173 | 1552 | – |
| Age (years) (median [25th,75th percentiles]) | 66 (59, 74) | 68 (62, 75)† | 67 (61, 74)‡ | < 0.001 |
| BMI | 30.9 (6.2) | 34.0 (6.2)† | 35.2 (6.3)†,‡ | < 0.001 |
| Sex (male) | 14,041 (38.6%) | 2157 (41.9%)† | 674 (43.5%)† | < 0.001 |
| Race | † | †,‡ | < 0.001 | |
| White | 30,264 (83.7%) | 4033 (78.8%) | 1234 (80.6%) | |
| Black | 2153 (6.0%) | 444 (8.7%) | 160 (10.5%) | |
| Asian | 486 (1.3%) | 141 (2.8%) | 25 (1.6%) | |
| Hispanic | 123 (0.3%) | 23 (0.5%) | 9 (0.6%) | |
| Other/unknown | 3148 (8.7%) | 475 (9.3%) | 103 (6.7%) | |
| Active smoker | 3653 (10.0%) | 438 (8.5%)† | 143 (9.2%) | 0.002 |
| Outpatient | 294 (0.8%) | 43 (0.8%) | 18 (1.2%) | 0.312 |
| Steroid use | 858 (2.4%) | 104 (2.0%) | 62 (4.0%)†,‡ | < 0.001 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Dyspnea | 2606 (7.1%) | 585 (11.3%)† | 228 (14.7%)†,‡ | < 0.001 |
| Hypertension | 22415 (61.3%) | 4472 (86.5%)† | 1389 (89.5%)†,‡ | < 0.001 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 1233 (3.4%) | 240 (4.6%)† | 106 (6.8%)†,‡ | < 0.001 |
| Congestive heart failure < 30 days | 55 (0.2%) | 12 (0.2%) | 10 (0.6%)†,‡ | < 0.001 |
| Bleeding disorders | 884 (2.4%) | 161 (3.1%)† | 56 (3.6%)† | < 0.001 |
| Previous percutaneous coronary Intervention | 1347 (5.5%) | 359 (10.0%)† | 173 (16.5%)†,‡ | < 0.001 |
| Previous cardiac surgery | 974 (4.0%) | 246 (6.8%)† | 126 (12.0%)†,‡ | < 0.001 |
| Previous stroke with neurologic deficit | 236 (1.0%) | 46 (1.3%) | 33 (3.1%)†,‡ | < 0.001 |
| Previous stroke without neurologic deficit | 402 (1.6%) | 96 (2.7%)† | 44 (4.2%)†,‡ | < 0.001 |
| ASA class | † | †,‡ | < 0.001 | |
| 1–2 | 21,453 (58.7%) | 1602 (31.0%) | 257 (16.6%) | |
| 3 | 14,608 (40.0%) | 3425 (66.4%) | 1203 (77.5%) | |
| 4–5 | 461 (1.3%) | 135 (2.6%) | 92 (5.9%) | |
| Total relative value units (median [25th,75th percentiles]) | 23.0 (21.8, 23.3) | 23.3 (21.8, 23.3)† | 23.3 (23.0, 23.3)† | < 0.001 |
†Post hoc test, significantly different from patients without diabetes; ‡post hoc test, significantly different from patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.