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. 2014 Sep 30;9(9):e108232. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108232

Figure 1. Dopamine increases HIV entry into primary human macrophages.

Figure 1

Primary human monocyte derived macrophages were infected with 3 concentrations of β-lac HIV (MOI of 0.002, 0.005, 0.01) in the presence of either 2×108 M, 2×107 M, 2×10M or 2×105 M dopamine, and control cells were infected with HIV alone. In panels A-C each circle or square represents infection of macrophages from a single donor. Dopamine significantly increased viral entry in macrophages infected with all concentrations of HIV (A, MOI 0.002, n = 11, ** p = 0.0002), 0.005 (B, n = 6, * p = 0.0313) or 0.01 (C, MOI 0.01, n = 16, *** p = 0.001) after 4 hr incubation. Panel D shows the percent increase in entry mediated by dopamine in infections with each concentration of HIV relative to control (MOI 0.002 vertical lines, MOI 0.005 diagonal lines, MOI 0.01, horizontal lines). Panels E - G show representative images of cultures infected with 0.01 MOI β-lac HIV in the presence of (E) dopamine, (F) HIV alone, (G) and uninfected macrophages. White arrows indicate infected cells.