Table 3. Summary of 9 trials included in the systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author(Year)	Conditionof elderly	Supplementgiven	SignificantincreasedLBM tobaseline	SignificantincreasedLeg presstobaseline	SignificantincreasedLeg extensionto baseline	SignificantincreasedPhysicalperformance
Dalyet al [27]	Healthy	Max.45 gprotein/twicedaily	Significantincreased inproteingroup,differentbetweengroups	ND	Significantincreased inprotein group,differentbetweengroups	Significantincreased in bothgroup, similarbetween groups
Vermeerenet al [28]	COPD	125 ml/threetimes daily	Neithergroup	ND	Neithergroup	ND
Chaleet al [8]	Mobilitylimited	20 gprotein/daytwice daily	Both groupsimproved,and alsosignificantdifferentbetweengroups	Bothgroups tobaseline	Bothgroupsto baseline	Significant forwhey group
Alemán-Mateo et al [29]	Healthy	15 gprotein/day	Both groupsimproved,but nosignificantdifferentbetweengroups	ND	ND	ND
Tielandet al [20]	Pre-frailand frail	15 g proteintwice daily	Neithergroup	Bothgroups tobaseline	Bothgroupsto baseline	Both groups
Tielandet al [26]	Pre-frailand frail	15 gprotein twicedaily	Significantincreased inproteingroup,differentbetweengroups	Neithergroup	Trend towardsignificantimprovementin proteingroup vscontrol.	Significantimprovement inprotein group vs control.
Leenderset al [19]	Type 2diabetes	2.5 g leucinethree timesdaily	None	Increasedvs time in bothgroups,similarbetweengroups	Increased vstime in bothgroups,similarbetweengroups	ND
Ferrandoet al [18]	Moderatelyactive	15 g EAAthree timesdaily	None	ND	ND	Increased vs timein both groups,similar between groups
Verhoevenet al [17]	Healthy	2.5 g leucinethree times daily	Nonevstime orgroups	None vstime orgroups	None vstime orgroups	ND

COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; EAA, essential amino acids; LBM, lean body mass; ND, not described.