Table 10.
Comparison of the concentrations of carbonyl compounds reported in present method with other cities in the world.
| S. No. | City/country | Sampling period | Site characteristics | N | FRML | ACTL | PPNL | BTL | iVAL | nVAL | MEK | C 1/C 2 | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Kolkata/India | Site 1, summer | Mixed (res., traffic, and ind.) | — | 18.60 | 9.09 | 1.50 | 1.46 | — | — | — | 2.0 | [29] |
| Winter | 13.76 | 6.76 | 1.02 | 0.75 | — | — | — | 2.0 | |||||
| Site 2, summer | Mixed (res., traffic, and ind.) | 11.02 | 4.59 | 0.73 | 1.30 | — | — | — | 2.4 | ||||
| Winter | 9.92 | 4.98 | 0.95 | 0.74 | — | — | — | 2.0 | |||||
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| 2 | Guangzhou/China | July–Sep, 2003 | Residential | 5 | 10.88 | 5.83 | 1.11 | 0.66 | 0.23 | 0.25 | 1.9 | [30] | |
| Industrial | 5 | 11.07 | 3.96 | 0.55 | 0.29 | 0.08 | 0.62 | 2.8 | |||||
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| 3 | Guangzhou/China | 17–19, Nov–2005 (clear days) |
Residential and traffic site | 12 | 4.74 | 3.95 | 0.35 | 0.78 | 0.12 | 0.16 | 1.2 | [31] | |
| 30 Nov–2, Dec 2005 (hazy days) |
Residential and traffic | 12 | 11.49 | 8.91 | 1.16 | 0.81 | 0.18 | 2.74 | 1.3 | ||||
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| 4 | Ansan, Shi Hung/Republic of Korea | Aug, 2004–Sep, 2005 | Industrial | — | 19.30 | 19.50 | 19.00 | 13.00 | 0.93 | 0.82 | 1.0 | [8] | |
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| 5 | Gumi/Republic of Korea | Dec, 2003–Nov, 2004 | Industrial site 1 | 172 | 3.40 | 7.35 | 0.80 | 2.40 | 0.5 | [6] | |||
| 2004 | Industrial site 2 | 78 | 3.87 | 2.52 | 1.01 | 4.81 | 1.5 | ||||||
| 2004 | Industrial, site 3 | 77 | 3.86 | 4.22 | 1.04 | 3.32 | 0.9 | ||||||
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| 6 | Mexico city/Mexico | Mar,1998–Feb, 1999 | Mixed (res., com., and ind.) | 35 | 4.33 | 2.31 | 0.53 | 0.29 | 0.44 | 0.16 | 1.9 | [32] | |
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| 7 | Rome/Italy | 2006 | Urban | — | 2.16 | 1.26 | 0.41 | 1.61 | 0.06 | 0.13 | 1.7 | [33] | |
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| 8 | Kurkimaki/Finland | — | Residential | — | 0.37 | 0.36 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 1.0 | [34] | |||
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| 9 | Roverdo | Nov-Dec, 2005 | Rural | — | — | 0.38 | 0.10 | 0.05 | 0.08 | — | [35] | ||
| Zurich/Switzerland | Nov-Dec, 2005 | Urban res. | — | — | 0.86 | 0.12 | 0.04 | 0.03 | — | ||||
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| 10 | Santiago/Chile | Nov-Dec, 2003 | Downtown | 40 | 3.90 | 3.00 | 0.46 | 3.30 | 0.11 | 1.3 | [36] | ||
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| 11 | Yeosu industrial/Korea | May, Aug, Oct 2008, Jan 2009 | Oil refinery, petrochemical industries | 80 | 7.40 | 2.75 | 0.29 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.11 | 2.57 | 2.7 | This study |
| Yeosu residential/Korea | Residential | 78 | 8.06 | 3.43 | 0.35 | 0.56 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 2.05 | 2.3 | |||
| Gwangyang industrial/Korea | Steel industries | 79 | 5.99 | 1.97 | 0.14 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.07 | 2.74 | 3.0 | |||
| Gwangyang residential/Korea | Residential | 80 | 7.15 | 2.23 | 0.17 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 2.29 | 3.2 | |||
| Suncheon comparison/Korea | Residential | 80 | 6.52 | 2.54 | 0.21 | 0.10 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 2.05 | 2.6 | |||