Table 1. Estimated subgroup-specific prevalence proportions for recently active alcohol use, drinking patterns and related disturbances.
| Characteristics | N | Past-yearuse (n = 2180) | Regularuse1 (n = 1513) | Among Regular Drinkers | Abuse2(n = 125) | Dependence2(n = 59) | DSM-5 AUD2(n = 132) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Non-heavydrinking2(n = 1105) | Heavydrinkingof lowerfrequency2(n = 111) | Heavy drinkingof higherfrequency2(n = 297) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| n | % (SE) | P (χ2) | n | % (SE) | P (χ2) | n | % (SE) | P (χ2) | n | % (SE) | P (χ2) | n | % (SE) | P (χ2) | n | % (SE) | P (χ2) | n | % (SE) | P (χ2) | n | % (SE) | P (χ2) | ||
| Age. years | <0.0001 | 0.5676 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.7892 | 0.0939 | |||||||||||||||||
| 18–34 | 1841 | 879 | 49.8 (1.2) | 579 | 69.7 (2.1) | 378 | 61.9 (2.4) | 77 | 14.2 (1.3) | 142 | 24.0 (2.0) | 59 | 9.5 (1.5) | 22 | 4.0 (1.1) | 54 | 8.8 (1.6) | ||||||||
| 35–54 | 2160 | 966 | 46.6 (1.9) | 676 | 72.4 (2.1) | 511 | 75.5 (2.2) | 29 | 4.3 (1.2) | 136 | 20.3 (2.4) | 60 | 8.2 (1.4) | 33 | 4.0 (0.8) | 70 | 8.9 (1.3) | ||||||||
| 55+ | 1036 | 335 | 32.6 (2.2) | 240 | 72.9 (3.8) | 216 | 92.0 (2.4) | 5 | 1.3 (0.6) | 19 | 6.7 (2.0) | 6 | 1.2 (0.6) | 4 | 2.4 (1.8) | 8 | 3.2 (1.9) | ||||||||
| Sex | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.0884 | 0.9111 | 0.0185 | 0.0927 | 0.0948 | 0.0708 | |||||||||||||||||
| Men | 2187 | 1330 | 61.8 (1.2) | 1040 | 78.6 (1.5) | 744 | 69.1 (1.9) | 77 | 8.7 (1.0) | 219 | 22.2 (1.5) | 102 | 6.3 (1.2) | 45 | 4.4 (.7) | 108 | 9.1 (1.0) | ||||||||
| Women | 2850 | 850 | 31.3 (1.1) | 473 | 58.1 (2.2) | 361 | 75.6 (2.5) | 34 | 8.4 (2.0) | 78 | 15.9 (2.1) | 23 | 1.7 (1.4) | 14 | 2.5 (.6) | 24 | 5.9 (1.4) | ||||||||
| Marital status | 0.0343 | 0.7217 | 0.0271 | 0.0172 | 0.3287 | 0.3282 | 0.8687 | 0.2073 | |||||||||||||||||
| Married/cohabiting | 3250 | 1397 | 45.0 (1.1) | 981 | 72.0 (1.4) | 736 | 74.8 (2.0) | 61 | 6.2 (1.0) | 184 | 19.0 (1.6) | 74 | 7.1 (1.2) | 37 | 3.5 (.7) | 78 | 7.1 (1.1) | ||||||||
| Previously married | 894 | 353 | 42.0 (1.8) | 238 | 70.2 (4.6) | 179 | 73.4 (2.7) | 13 | 7.3 (2.9) | 46 | 19.4 (2.5) | 18 | 7.0 (1.7) | 11 | 4.2 (1.4) | 20 | 7.1 (1.6) | ||||||||
| Never married | 893 | 430 | 49.3 (1.4) | 294 | 69.9 (2.5) | 190 | 61.7 (3.4) | 37 | 14.6 (2.3) | 67 | 23.7 (2.8) | 33 | 10.2 (2.0) | 11 | 4.2 (1.6) | 34 | 10.8 (1.9) | ||||||||
| Education | <0.0001 | 0.9946 | 0.5539 | <.0001 | 0.7751 | 0.6995 | 0.1088 | 0.0634 | |||||||||||||||||
| Low | 1344 | 453 | 34.9 (1.8) | 314 | 71.0 (2.8) | 239 | 74.4 (3.8) | 11 | 3.4 (1.2) | 64 | 22.2 (4.4) | 32 | 8.6 (1.6) | 25 | 7.8 (1.8) | 42 | 11.4 (2.4) | ||||||||
| Low-average | 1262 | 546 | 45.8 (1.4) | 387 | 71.0 (1.8) | 289 | 72.4 (3.5) | 23 | 6.0 (1.5) | 75 | 21.6 (3.4) | 34 | 8.9 (2.2) | 14 | 3.4 (1.4) | 39 | 9.8 (2.2) | ||||||||
| High-average+High | 2431 | 1181 | 49.9 (0.9) | 812 | 71.3 (2.0) | 577 | 69.5 (1.4) | 77 | 11.2 (1.1) | 158 | 19.3 (1.5) | 59 | 7.4 (1.3) | 20 | 2.8 (0.8) | 51 | 6.5 (1.1) | ||||||||
| Income | 0.0002 | 0.0018 | 0.1709 | 0.3603 | 0.5537 | 0.0949 | 0.1066 | 0.1612 | |||||||||||||||||
| Low | 1200 | 443 | 39.4 (2.2) | 302 | 69.6 (2.4) | 204 | 65.5 (2.9) | 28 | 11.0 (1.9) | 70 | 23.5 (3.1) | 35 | 11.8 (2.3) | 16 | 4.1 (1.2) | 38 | 11.4 (2.1) | ||||||||
| Low-average | 1367 | 557 | 42.5 (1.8) | 399 | 72.7 (2.4) | 283 | 70.6 (2.7) | 31 | 8.5 (1.7) | 85 | 20.9 (2.4) | 41 | 9.6 (1.7) | 23 | 6.4 (1.4) | 42 | 9.9 (1.9) | ||||||||
| High-average | 1212 | 525 | 47.6 (1.7) | 345 | 65.3 (2.0) | 266 | 71.3 (3.9) | 23 | 9.2 (2.0) | 56 | 19.5 (3.5) | 21 | 5.1 (1.5) | 12 | 3.0 (1.2) | 23 | 5.2 (1.4) | ||||||||
| High | 1258 | 655 | 52.5 (1.4) | 467 | 75.9 (2.3) | 352 | 74.6 (2.1) | 29 | 6.8 (1.4) | 86 | 18.6 (1.8) | 28 | 6.3 (1.2) | 8 | 2.1 (0.9) | 29 | 6.8 (1.8) | ||||||||
| Employment status | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.0031 | 0.0001 | 0.0553 | 0.002 | 0.072 | 0.0060 | |||||||||||||||||
| Working (including student) | 3086 | 1539 | 51.0 (1.1) | 1095 | 72.7 (1.4) | 791 | 70.7 (1.6) | 87 | 9.1 (1.0) | 217 | 20.2 (1.5) | 80 | 6.7 (0.8) | 33 | 2.7 (0.5) | 84 | 6.8 (0.9) | ||||||||
| Retired and homemaker | 1330 | 364 | 28.4 (1.2) | 214 | 57.0 (3.4) | 180 | 84.8 (3.8) | 8 | 2.4 (0.9) | 26 | 12.8 (3.7) | 8 | 3.3 (1.6) | 6 | 2.0 (0.7) | 8 | 3.2 (1.4) | ||||||||
| Unemployed | 621 | 277 | 47.2 (2.6) | 204 | 76.8 (2.8) | 134 | 63.1 (4.1) | 16 | 10.6 (2.9) | 54 | 26.3 (3.0) | 37 | 17.6 (3.7) | 20 | 10.4 (2.9) | 40 | 18.0 (3.6) | ||||||||
| Neighborhood Social Deprivation level | 0.0079 | 0.6253 | <0.0001 | 0.0571 | <0.0001 | 0.0443 | 0.016 | 0.0450 | |||||||||||||||||
| No+Low | 1369 | 675 | 49.6 (1.3) | 478 | 70.5 (3.1) | 389 | 80.9 (1.5) | 28 | 5.7 (1.2) | 61 | 13.4 (1.7) | 30 | 5.7 (1.3) | 11 | 1.9 (0.6) | 31 | 5.8 (1.2) | ||||||||
| Medium-low+Medium | 1878 | 775 | 45.0 (1.3) | 547 | 72.7 (1.2) | 379 | 64.4 (2.5) | 42 | 10.1 (1.8) | 126 | 25.5 (2.5) | 42 | 6.6 (1.6) | 27 | 4.8 (0.9) | 49 | 8.2 (1.5) | ||||||||
| High+Very-high | 1729 | 709 | 42.5 (1.7) | 477 | 70.5 (2.8) | 328 | 67.4 (2.5) | 41 | 10.4 (1.5) | 108 | 22.2 (1.8) | 53 | 12.5 (2.3) | 21 | 4.9 (1.1) | 52 | 10.9 (1.7) | ||||||||
| Total | 5037 | 2180 | 45.6 (0.72) | 1513 | 71.2 (1.5) | 1105 | 71.0 (1.2) | 111 | 8.6 (0.9) | 297 | 20.3 (1.3) | 125 | 7.9 (1.0) | 59 | 3.8 (0.5) | 132 | 8.1 (0.9) | ||||||||
Data from the São Paulo Megacity Mental Health Survey (SPMHS), Brazil, 2005–2007 (n = 5037).
1
Among past-year users.
2
Among regular users.