. 2014 Oct 1;9(10):e108355. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108355

Table 3. Total sample: Estimated odds ratios (OR) linking alcohol outcomes with Neighborhood Social Deprivation and other suspected determinants.

Characteristics	Past-yearuse^a	Regularuse^b	Heavydrinking oflowerfrequency (HDLF)^c	Heavy drinkingof higherfrequency(HDHF)^c	Abuse^d	Dependence^e	DSM-5AUD^f
	AOR(95% CI)	AOR(95% CI)	AOR(95% CI)	AOR(95% CI)	AOR(95% CI)	AOR(95% CI)	AOR(95% CI)
Sex
Men	3.5 (2.9–4.2)^‡	2.5 (1.9–3.4)^‡	1.3 (0.6–2.5)	1.6 (1.1–2.5)^*	1.7 (0.8–3.6)	1.6 (0.7–3.6)	1.5 (0.8–2.8)
Women	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Age, years
18–34	2.0 (1.6–2.6)^‡	0.7 (0.5–1.1)	7.3 (2.7–19.9)^†	5.9 (2.1–17.0)^†	7.0 (2.4–20.0)^†	2.0 (0.5–9.0)	2.3 (0.7–7.0)
35–54	1.7 (1.2–2.3)^†	0.8 (0.5–1.2)	2.5 (0.8–7.1)	4.1 (1.4–12.7)^*	6.8 (2.6–17.7)^‡	1.9 (0.4–8.7)	2.8 (0.9–9.1)
55+	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Marital status
Previously married	1.4 (1.1–1.8)^†	1.1 (0.7–1.8)	1.1 (0.5–2.5)	1.1 (0.8–1.5)	1.0 (0.5–2.2)	1.2 (0.5–3.1)	1.0 (0.5–2.0)
Never married	0.9 (0.7–1.1)	0.9 (0.6–1.2)	1.3 (0.7–2.4)	1.2 (0.8–1.8)	1.3 (0.7–2.5)	1.2 (0.4–3.3)	1.9 (1.0–3.4)^*
Married/cohabiting	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Education
Low	0.8 (0.6–1.0)	0.9 (0.7–1.3)	0.4 (0.2–0.8)^†	1.4 (0.7–2.6)	1.3 (0.7–2.5)	3.0 (1.2–7.5)^*	2.2 (1.0–5.0)^*
Low-average	1.0 (0.8–1.2)	1.0 (0.7–1.3)	0.5 (0.2–1.0)	1.1 (0.6–1.9)	1.1 (0.5–2.4)	1.1 (0.3–3.3)	1.6 (0.8–3.3)
High-average+High	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Income
Low	0.6 (0.4–0.9)^†	0.8 (0.5–1.0)	1.8 (0.8–3.9)	0.9 (0.5–1.5)	1.0 (0.5–2.0)	0.9 (0.2–4.0)	0.9 (0.4–2.3)
Low-average	0.6 (0.5–0.8)^†	0.8 (0.6–1.0)	1.1 (0.6–1.9)	0.8 (0.5–1.2)	0.9 (0.5–1.7)	1.8 (0.6–5.5)	0.9 (0.3–2.2)
High-average	0.8 (0.6–1.0)^*	0.5 (0.4–0.7)^‡	1.2 (0.6–2.4)	0.8 (0.5–1.4)	0.6 (0.3–1.2)	1.0 (0.2–4.0)	0.5 (0.2–1.2)
High	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Employment status
Working (including student)	1.3 (1.1–1.5)^‡	1.6 (1.2–2.1)^†	1.8 (0.7–4.5)	0.8 (0.4–1.7)	0.9 (0.3–3.0)	0.9 (0.3–2.6)	1.3 (0.4–3.8)
Unemployed	1.3 (1.0–1.8)^*	2.2 (1.4–3.5)^†	1.7 (0.4–6.5)	1.8 (0.7–4.5)	2.5 (1.0–6.8)	3.5 (0.7–16.2)	3.5 (1.1–11.3)^*
Retired and homemaker	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Neighborhood Social Deprivation level
No+Low	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Medium-low+Medium	0.8 (0.7–0.9)^†	1.1 (0.8–1.4)	2.0 (1.1–3.8)^*	2.1 (1.4–3.1)^†	0.9 (0.4–2.1)	1.7 (0.8–3.9)	1.1 (0.5–2.2)
High+Very-high	0.7 (0.5–1.0)	1.0 (0.6–1.5)	2.1 (1.1–3.8)^*	1.7 (1.2–2.3)^†	1.6 (0.7–3.6)	1.5 (0.7–3.4)	1.3 (0.7–2.7)

Data from the São Paulo Megacity Mental Health Survey (SPMHS), Brazil, 2005–2007 (n = 5037).

Reference categories: a) non-past year users; b) non-regular users; c) non-heavy drinkers; d) regular users who did not fulfill criteria for abuse; e) regular users who did not fulfill criteria for dependence; f) regular users who did not fulfill criteria for DSM-5 AUD.

AOR, adjusted odds-ratio; CI, confidence interval.

All OR were adjusted for sex and age.

*p<0.05;

^†

p<0.01;

^‡

p<0.001.