. 2014 Oct 1;9(10):e108355. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108355

Table 4. Males: Estimated odds ratios (OR) linking alcohol outcomes with Neighborhood Social Deprivation and other suspected determinants.

Characteristics	Past-year use^a (n = 1330)	Regular use^b (n = 1040)	Heavy drinking oflower frequency,HDLF^c (n = 77)	Heavy drinking ofhigher frequency,HDHF^c (n = 219)	Abuse^d (n = 102)	Dependence^e (n = 45)	DSM-5 AUD^f (n = 108)
	AOR (95% CI)	AOR (95% CI)	AOR (95% CI)	AOR (95% CI)	AOR (95% CI)	AOR (95% CI)	AOR (95% CI)
Age, years
18–34	1.3 (0.9–2.0)	0.7 (0.4–1.2)	40.0 (3.6–449.9)^†	4.9 (1.6–15.2)^†	12.9 (3.7–45.0)^‡	2.0 (0.4–9.3)	2.4 (0.8–6.7)
35–54	1.2 (0.8–1.9)	07 (0.4–1.3)	9.9 (1.0–99.6)	2.7 (0.8–8.7)	8.2 (2.9–23.4)^‡	1.5 (0.3–8.0)	2.0 (0.6–6.7)
55+	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Marital status
Previously married	1.3 (0.8–2.1)	1.1 (0.5–2.1)	0.3 (0.1–1.3)	1.0 (0.7–1.6)	1.4 (0.7–2.7)	1.3 (0.5–3.2)	1.3 (0.7–2.5)
Never married	0.8 (0.6–1.2)	0.7 (0.5–1.0)	1.4 (0.6–3.7)	1.2 (0.7–2.0)	0.8 (0.4–1.8)	1.1 (0.3–4.4)	1.3 (0.6–3.0)
Married/cohabiting	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Education
Low	1.0 (0.7–1.3)	1.1 (0.7–1.7)	0.2 (0.1–0.6)^†	1.2 (0.7–2.3)	1.3 (0.6–2.6)	2.6 (0.9–7.3)	2.3 (0.9–6.0)
Low-average	0.9 (0.8–1.1)	1.4 (0.9–2.1)	0.6 (0.2–1.4)	1.1 (0.7–1.9)	1.1 (0.5–2.2)	0.9 (0.3–2.8)	1.6 (0.9–3.0)
High-average+High	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Income
Low	0.5 (0.3–0.7)^†	0.5 (0.2–1.0)	2.1 (1.0–4.5)^*	0.8 (0.4–1.6)	1.2 (0.6–2.4)	0.9 (0.1–5.6)	1.0 (0.4–2.9)
Low-average	0.6 (0.5–0.9)^†	0.7 (0.5–1.1)	1.0 (0.5–2.2)	0.6 (0.4–1.0)	0.9 (0.5–1.6)	1.5 (0.4–5.0)	0.8 (0.3–2.2)
High-average	0.9 (0.7–1.3)	0.4 (0.3–0.7)^*	1.5 (0.6–3.4)	0.9 (0.5–1.6)	0.5 (00.2–1.1)	0.6 (0.1–2.7)	0.5 (0.2–1.3)
High	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Employment status
Working (including student)	2.0 (1.4–2.8)^‡	1.7 (0.9–3.3)	0.3 (0.03–2.4)	1.3 (0.4–4.3)	0.3 (0.1–1.2)	0.8 (0.1–5.7)	1.6 (0.3–8.6)
Unemployed	2.4 (1.6–3.6)^‡	2.8 (1.2–6.2)^*	0.2 (0.02–1.3)	1.5 (0.5–4.7)	1.0 (0.2–4.6)	3.1 (0.2–40.7)	4.3 (0.6–30.4)
Retired and homemaker	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Neighborhood Social Deprivation level
No+Low	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Medium-low+Medium	1.0 (0.7–1.4)	1.0 (0.7–1.6)	1.6 (0.8–3.3)	2.1 (1.3–3.3)^†	0.8 (0.3–2.3)	2.4 (1.2–4.9)^*	1.1 (0.5–2.5)
High+Very-high	0.8 (0.6–1.2)	1.2 (0.6–2.1)	1.6 (0.5–5.0)	1.5 (0.9–2.5)	1.3 (0.6–3.1)	1.5 (0.5–4.0)	1.1 (0.6–2.2)

Data from the São Paulo Megacity Mental Health Survey (SPMHS), Brazil, 2005–2007 (n = 2187).

Reference categories: a) non-past year users; b) non-regular users; c) non-heavy drinkers; d) regular users who did not fulfill criteria for abuse; e) regular users who did not fulfill criteria for dependence; f) regular users who did not fulfill criteria for DSM-5 AUD.

AOR, adjusted odds-ratio; CI, confidence interval.

All OR were adjusted for age.

*p<0.05;

^†

p<0.01;

^‡

p<0.001.