Table 2.

Signaling pathways and associated proteins

Pathway	Representative proteins
MAPK: Proliferation, differentiation, migration	HRAS/RASH, HSP71, HSP7C, HS71L, NF-kappa-β or TF65/RELA, GNAS, PAK1, RAC1, SHC1, MAPK14, GRB2, CRK
ErbB: Proliferation, differentiation, survival, angiogenesis and adhesion/motility/migration/invasion	SHC1, PAK1, GRB2, CRK, HRAS
Cell cycle: Proliferation	SMAD2, SHC1, 1433s/SFNC/stratifin, HDAC1/2, CREBBP, CUL1, CDC2
DNA damage repair: Maintenance of genome integrity	PARP1, TP53BP, PCNA, PRKDC, DDB2, CREBBP (Table 1)
Apoptosis: Cell death	BCLF1, BAX, TF65, IASPP
p53: Cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, senescence, inhibition of angiogenesis/metastasis, inhibition of IGF-1/mTOR pathway	BAX, RIR2B, DDB2, CDC2, 1433s
TGF-β: proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, migration	SMAD2, CREBBP, CUL1, RHOA
NF-kappa-B: Regulation of genes involved in immunity, inflammation, cell survival	NF-kappa-β/TF65/RELA
Wnt: Cell division, development, adhesion	CTNB1, SMAD2, CTBP2, CREBBP, CUL1, RAC1
Jak/STAT: Growth, proliferation, development, cell fate, immunity, cell cycle, apoptosis	STAT 3, PTN11, STAT1, GRB2, CREBBP
Toll-like: Innate immune responses to pathogenic bacteria	TLR2, IRF3, TF65, MAPK14, STAT1, RAC1
Notch: Proliferative signaling, angiogenesis	HDAC1, CTBP1/2, CREBBP
VEGF: Angiogenesis	MAPK14, SHC1, RAC1, HRAS
Adhesion/integrin signaling: Cell migration, tissue invasion	CTNB1, PAK1, GRB2, CRK, HRAS, RAC1, PP1A/B, CDC2, RHOA, ILK, MUC1, PTN11
Ca signaling: Proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism	AT2A2, GNAS1
Insulin signaling: Maintenance of energy metabolism/homeostasis	Q96RG5, TFR1, PTN11, COA1, SHC1, GRB2, CRK, PP1A/B
Chemokine: Immune response, cell growth, differentiation, survival, migration, apoptosis, regulation of cytoskeleton	STAT3, PAK1, TF65, SHC1, GRB2, CRK, STAT1, RHOA, RAC1, HRAS
PPAR signaling: Lipid metabolism, adipocyte differentiation	PPARG, ILK
Fatty acid biosynthesis	COA1