Table 2.

Doubling times, specific metabolic rates and yield ratios of hESCs in MC-Sp in propagation and differentiation phases

	HES3 cultures		H7 cultures
	Propagation	Differentiation	Propagation	Differentiation
Double time (hours)	27 ± 2	128 ± 14	28 ± 2	151 ± 1
Specific consumption and production rate (mmol/109 cells/hour)
qGlc	0.36 ± 0.04	0.24 ± 0.02	0.34 ± 0.05	0.18 ± 0.02
qLac	0.63 ± 0.12	0.32 ± 0.02	0.57 ± 0.08	0.23 ± 0.01
qGln	0.036 ± 0.003	0.033 ± 0.001	0.028 ± 0.006	0.029 ± 0.003
qAmm	0.029 ± 0.003	0.023 ± 0.002	0.019 ± 0.005	0.016 ± 0.002
Yield ratio
YLac/Glc	1.72 ± 0.14*	1.34 ± 0.04*	1.66 ± 0.01*	1.27 ± 0.06*
YAmm/Gln	0.80 ± 0.02	0.70 ± 0.04	0.67 ± 0.03	0.55 ± 0.01

Glucose (Glc), lactate (Lac), glutamine (Gln), and ammonia (Amm) were measured using Bioprofile 100 plus. Specific consumption and production rates of the metabolites (q_m) were expressed as number of moles of metabolite consumed or produced per cells in one hour. Yield ratio (Y_a/_b) was calculated by the value of q_a over q_b. *P < 0.05 indicated there is a significant difference between the values of Y_Lac/_Glc in the propagation phase and the differentiation phase in both HES3 and H7 cultures. MC-Sp, human embryonic stem cell/microcarrier aggregates in spinner cultures.