(a) The expression of Bcl-6, RORγt, and T-bet by human adult blood naïve TH cells cultured with the indicated cytokines for 1–4 days (cytokines were added on day 1 of culture, so culture days 2–5) was analyzed by flow cytometry. Percentage of positive cells within the activated (FSChiSSChi) TH cells is indicated in a heatmap. A representative of 4 independent experiments. (b) The expression of Bcl-6, RORγt, and T-bet by CXCR5+ TH cells generated by culturing naïve TH cells with no cytokine, IL-12, IL-12+IL-1β+IL-6+TGF-β and IL-23+IL-1β+IL-6+TGF-β for 3 days as in (a). A representative of 4 independent experiments. (c) The expression of IL-17A, Bcl-6, and RORγt by activated (FSChiSSChi) cord blood naïve TH cells cultured for 3 days with no cytokines or IL-23+IL-1β+IL-6+TGF-β. A representative of 3 independent experiments.