Table 4.
Mean difference, standard error of measurement (SEM), effect size and minimal important difference for the 19 measured angles (degrees) compared among patients with migraines (MG), patients with migraines and temporomandibular disorders (MTMD), and the control group (CG).
| Angles | Mean Difference (MTMD-CG) | Mean Difference (MG-CG) | Mean Difference (MTMD-MG) | SEM | ES** (MTMD vs. CG) | ES** (MG vs. CG) | ES** (MTMD vs. MG) | MID 0.2/0.5 (MTMD vs. CG) | MID 0.2/0.5 (MG vs. CG) | MID 0.2/0.5 (MTMD vs. MG) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EO | 0.20 | 0.71* | –0.50* | 0.45 | –0.13 = SES | –0.49=MES | –0.30 = SES | 0.31/0.79 | 0.29/0.72 - PCR | 0.34/0.84 |
| IO | –0.28 | 0.68* | –0.97* | 0.57 | 0.20 = SES | –0.31=SES | –0.92 = LES | 0.29/0.73 | 0.44/1.09 | 0.21/0.53- CR |
| AC | –1.41* | –0.20 | –1.21* | 0.34 | 1.36 = LEF | 0.13=SES | –1.63 = LES | 0.21/0.52 - CR | 0.30/0.75 | 0.15/0.37 - CR |
| SC | –0.40 | 0.41* | –0.82* | 0.56 | 0.36 = SES | –0.27=SES | –0.95= LES | 0.23/0.56 | 0.30/0.75 | 0.17/0.43 - CR |
| AET | –0.15 | 0.48* | –0.64* | 0.30 | 0.28 = SES | –0.44=MES | –0.73= LES | 0.11/0.27 | 0.22/0.55 - PCR | 0.17/0.43 - CR |
| CLA | –0.05 | 0.34 | –0.40 | 0.25 | 0.07 = SES | –0.34=SES | –0.54 = MES | 0.14/0.35 | 0.20/0.50 | 0.15/0.37 - CR |
| FHP | –5.20* | –3.15* | –2.05 | 0.79 | 0.25 = SES | 0.13=SES | –0.13 = SES | 4.17/10.44 | 4.81/12.04 | 3.08/7.71 |
| CLA | –1.75* | –1.38* | –0.36 | 0.73 | 0.53 = MES | 0.42=MES | –0.20 = SES | 0.66/1.65 - CR | 0.66/1.64 - CR | 0.35/0.89 |
| TKA | –7.14* | –4.34* | –2.81 | 0.73 | 0.34 = SES | 0.14=SES | –0.14 = SES | 4.24/10.61 | 6.39/15.99 | 3.88/9.70 |
| LLA | 4.51* | 2.79* | 1.71 | 0.31 | –0.60=MES | –0.37= SES | 0.16=SES | 1.51/3.79 - CR | 1.53/3.82 | 2.15/5.37 |
| KF | –0.49 | 0.24 | –0.73 | 1.04 | 0.01=SES | –0.01=SES | –0.02=SES | 9.10/22.76 | 7.71/19.28 | 6.59/16.47 |
| TTA | 0.84 | 1.53 | –0.69 | 0.90 | –0.03=SES | –0.06=SES | –0.05=SES | 5.16/12.90 | 5.36/13.39 | 2.86/7.14 |
| IS | 2.69 | 2.17 | 0.52 | 0.48 | –0.20=SES | –0.12=SES | 0.05=SES | 2.67/6.68 | 3.73/9.33 | 2.07/5.18 |
| OC | 0.84 | 1.01 | –0.18 | 0.53 | –0.19=SES | –0.19=SES | –0.03=SES | 0.89/2.23 | 1.05/2.62 | 1.05/2.61 |
| PS | 1.51 | 1.72 | –0.21 | 0.41 | –0.11=SES | –0.11=SES | –0.02=SES | 2.79/6.98 | 3.14/7.85 | 2.73/6.84 |
| PI | 1.68 | 2.28 | –0.59 | 0.70 | –0.09=SES | –0.12=SES | –0.04=SES | 3.92/9.81 | 3.67/9.18 | 2.96/7.40 |
| PL | 2.22 | 2.76 | –0.54 | 0.56 | –0.18=SES | –0.21=SES | –0.04=SES | 2.48/6.21 | 2.61/6.53 | 2.74/6.85 |
| AS | –0.76 | 0.29 | –1.05 | 0.98 | 0.07=SES | –0.04=SES | –0.12=SES | 2.06/5.15 | 1.32/3.30 | 1.79/4.46 |
| ATP | –0.14 | 0.47 | –0.62 | 0.41 | 0.08=SES | –0.71= MES | –0.35=SES | 0.37/0.92 | 0.13/0.34 - CR | 0.35/0.88 |
Significant difference - ANOVA, p<0.05 and post-hoc Bonferoni. Scoring criteria: When the effect size (ES) and the mean difference between the groups were higher than the minimal important difference (MID), the difference was considered clinically relevant (CR). If the ES is moderate and the mean difference between the groups is greater than the MID, then the measure was classified as potentially clinically relevant (PCR). If the ES is small / moderate and the average difference between the groups is greater than both MIDs, the measurement is classified as PCR. If the ES is small and the average difference between the groups is greater than the MID, the measure cannot be termed clinically relevant. If the ES is small and the average difference between the groups is smaller than the MID, the measure is classified as not clinically relevant. Rating
The effect sizes followed the recommendation of Cohen37 - small ES (SES): 0:20 (0-0.39); moderate Effect Size: 0.50 (0.4-0.79); large ES:>0.80, ES: effect size, MID: minimal important difference, PCR: Potentially clinically relevant, CR: clinically relevant, SES: small effect size, MES: moderate effect size, LEF: large effect size.