Table 2.
Assessment of endpoints and outcomes.
| Author (year) | Subjects | N | Outcomes | Assessment of endpoint |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clemson et al.14 (2010) | Community | 34 | IG had the lowest % of falls, better dynamic balance, better MS knee, better self-efficacy balance and fewer falls than CG. | monthly calendar of falls |
| Smulders et al.15 (2010) | Hospital | 96 | IG% showed fewer falls and improved balance confidence more than CG. | monthly calendar of falls |
| Spink et al.13 (2011) | Community | 305 | IG showed fewer falls, better MS, better ROM, and better balance than CG. | monthly calendar of falls |
| Shumway-Cook et al.17 (2007) | Community | 53 | IG showed the lowest% of falls, better balance, better MS for the lower limbs and better mobility than CG. | monthly calendar of falls |
| Clemson et al.19 (2004) | Community | 317 | LIFE showed better balance and fewer falls than SEG or CG; SEG and LIFE showed better dynamic balance and balance confidence than CG; LIFE showed more improvement for MS ankle gain, ADL and on the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly than CG. | monthly calendar of falls |
| Clemson et al.12 (2012) | Community | 310 | IG showed fewer falls, better confidence maintenance and a greater ability to prevent falls during ADL than CG. | monthly calendar of falls |
| Iwamoto et al.16 (2009) | Community | 66 | IG showed the lowest% of falls, better flexibility, better body balance, better MS and better walking ability than CG. | weekly self-report |
| Becker et al.20 (2003) | Community | 981 | IG% showed lower falls in the first and last quarter of the study than CG. | monthly calendar of falls |
| Lord et al.18 (2005) | Community | 620 | % of falls was equal in EIG, MIG, and CG. EIG and MIG had better sitting and standing than CG; EIG had fewer risk factors for hamstring injury and higher MS than CG | monthly calendar of falls |
| Beling and Roller23 (2009) | Community | 23 | IG had fewer falls during the intervention and required more ankle and knee MRIs than CG. | Self-report |
| Lord et al.21 (2003) | Community | 551 | IG showed fewer falls and better reaction time for "step, step away from" than CG. | monthly calendar and recording by a nurse |
| Jensen et al.22 (2002) | Aged-care facility | 439 | IG showed lower % of falls and lower % of femur fractures than CG; IG was greater for the first fall than CG. | self-reporting and recording by a nurse |
LIFE=Lifestyle approach to reducing Falls through Exercise; SEG=Structured Exercise Group; IG=Intervention Group; CG=Control Group; ADL=Activities of daily living; MS=Muscle Strength; ROM=Range of motion; EIG=Extensive Intervention Group; MIG=Minimal Intervention Group.