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. 2014 Mar-Apr;18(2):111–118. doi: 10.1590/S1413-35552012005000148

Table 2.

Assessment of endpoints and outcomes.

Author (year) Subjects N Outcomes Assessment of endpoint
Clemson et al.14 (2010) Community 34 IG had the lowest % of falls, better dynamic balance, better MS knee, better self-efficacy balance and fewer falls than CG. monthly calendar of falls
Smulders et al.15 (2010) Hospital 96 IG% showed fewer falls and improved balance confidence more than CG. monthly calendar of falls
Spink et al.13 (2011) Community 305 IG showed fewer falls, better MS, better ROM, and better balance than CG. monthly calendar of falls
Shumway-Cook et al.17 (2007) Community 53 IG showed the lowest% of falls, better balance, better MS for the lower limbs and better mobility than CG. monthly calendar of falls
Clemson et al.19 (2004) Community 317 LIFE showed better balance and fewer falls than SEG or CG; SEG and LIFE showed better dynamic balance and balance confidence than CG; LIFE showed more improvement for MS ankle gain, ADL and on the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly than CG. monthly calendar of falls
Clemson et al.12 (2012) Community 310 IG showed fewer falls, better confidence maintenance and a greater ability to prevent falls during ADL than CG. monthly calendar of falls
Iwamoto et al.16 (2009) Community 66 IG showed the lowest% of falls, better flexibility, better body balance, better MS and better walking ability than CG. weekly self-report
Becker et al.20 (2003) Community 981 IG% showed lower falls in the first and last quarter of the study than CG. monthly calendar of falls
Lord et al.18 (2005) Community 620 % of falls was equal in EIG, MIG, and CG. EIG and MIG had better sitting and standing than CG; EIG had fewer risk factors for hamstring injury and higher MS than CG monthly calendar of falls
Beling and Roller23 (2009) Community 23 IG had fewer falls during the intervention and required more ankle and knee MRIs than CG. Self-report
Lord et al.21 (2003) Community 551 IG showed fewer falls and better reaction time for "step, step away from" than CG. monthly calendar and recording by a nurse
Jensen et al.22 (2002) Aged-care facility 439 IG showed lower % of falls and lower % of femur fractures than CG; IG was greater for the first fall than CG. self-reporting and recording by a nurse

LIFE=Lifestyle approach to reducing Falls through Exercise; SEG=Structured Exercise Group; IG=Intervention Group; CG=Control Group; ADL=Activities of daily living; MS=Muscle Strength; ROM=Range of motion; EIG=Extensive Intervention Group; MIG=Minimal Intervention Group.