Table 3.
Whole-Brain Image Analysis Showing Differences in Activation between Methylphenidate and Placebo in ADHD Boys
| Task (Contrast) | Brain Regions of Activation | Brodmann Area | Peak Talairach Coordinates (x, y, z) | Voxel Number | Cluster p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Methylphenidate > Placebo | |||||
| STOP (Stop-Go) | R IFC/insula/caudate/ACC/superior temporal | 47/13/38 | 43, 26, −13 | 148 | .001 |
| R PCC/precuneus/thalamus/occipital | 30/31/7/19 | 14, −52, 23 | 761 | .0003 | |
| L Medial temporal gyrus | 39/21 | −39, −55, 23 | 218 | .000006 | |
| L Midbrain/caudate/inferior temporal | −18, 7, −29 | 395 | .0002 | ||
| Placebo > Methylphenidate | |||||
| STOP (Stop-Go) | R ACC/SMA/postcentral | 32/24/6/4 | 7, 11, 43 | 304 | .009 |
| Methylphenidate > Placebo | |||||
| STOP (Failed Stop-Go) | R IFC/superior temporal/insula | 47/38/13 | 43, 25, −13 | 185 | .006 |
| R and L PCC/precuneus/occipital/inferior parietal | 30/31/7/19 | 3, −48, 23 | 1098 | .00004 | |
| L and R Midbrain/medial/inferior temporal/hippocampal gyrus/cerebellum | 21/36 | −25, −22, −26 | 604 | .0009 | |
| Placebo > Methylphenidate | |||||
| STOP (Failed Stop-Go) | R ACC/SMA/postcentral gyrus | 32/24/6/4/5 | 4, 15, 43 | 487 | .00002 |
| Methylphenidate > Placebo | |||||
| TD (Time Discrimination – Order Judgment) | R IFC/insula/putamen | 45/44/13 | 40, 19, 3 | 39 | .007 |
| Placebo > Methylphenidate | |||||
| TD | – | – | – | – | – |
| Methylphenidate > Placebo and Placebo > Methylphenidate | |||||
| WM (1/2/3-back–0-back) | – | – | – | – | – |
ACC, anterior cingulate cortex; ADHD, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; BA, Brodmann area; IFC, inferior prefrontal cortex; L, left; PCC, posterior cingulate cortex; R, right; SMA, supplementary motor area; TD, time discrimination; WM, working memory.