Table 4.
Blood meals from avian hosts during the winter months
| Host species | Anopheles crucians (N = 3/22) | Anopheles perplexens (N = 1/7) | Anopheles quadrimaculatus (N = 5/34) | Culex erraticus (N = 305/500) | Culex nigripalpus (N = 30/40) | Culex peccator (N = 5/7) | Culex territans (N = 3/31) | Culiseta melanura (N = 53/60) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| American Bittern (Botaurus lentiginosus) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Anhinga (Anhinga anhinga) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 41 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Black-crowned Night Heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) | 2 | 0 | 0 | 110 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 12 |
| Eastern Phoebe (Sayornis phoebe) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Great Blue Heron (Ardea herodias) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 33 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 1 |
| Great Egret (Ardea alba) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Green Heron (Butorides virescens) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Limpkin (Aramus guarauna) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Little Blue Heron (Egretta caerulea) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Muscovy Duck (Cairina moschata) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Northern Cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 13 |
| Northern Parula (Parula Americana) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Pied-billed Grebe (Podilymbus podiceps) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Tennessee Warbler (Vermivora peregrina) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| Tufted Titmouse (Baeolophus bicolor) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Turkey Vulture (Cathartes aura) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| White Ibis (Eudocimus albus) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Wood Stork (Mycteria americana) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 28 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| Yellow-crowned Night Heron (Nyctanassa violacea) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 43 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| Other Passeriformes species (N = 8)* | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
| Other avian species (N = 8)† | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Only avian species with more than one mosquito blood meal identified are listed. Passeriformes species not included in the table were Carolina Wren (Thryothorus ludovicianus) and Florida Scrub Jay (Aphelocoma coerulescens) for Cx. erraticus; Blue Jay (Cyanocitta cristata), Hermit Thrush (Catharus guttatus), House Wren (Troglodytes aedon), Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus), Pine Warbler (Dendroica pinu), and White breasted Nuthatch (Sitta carolinensis) for Cs. melanura.
Other avian species include Barred Owl (Strix varia) for An. quadrimaculatus; Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus), and Wilson's Snipe (Gallinago delicata) for Cx. erraticus; Black Vulture (Coragyps atratus), Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura), and Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) for Cx. nigripalpus; Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus), and Wild Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) for Cs. melanura. The numerator under each mosquito species name indicates the number of blood meals from birds, whereas the denominator indicates the total number of blood meals identified (from all host classes) for that mosquito species.