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. 2014 Oct 2;10(10):e1004611. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004611

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© 2014 McGee et al

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.

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Two complete cycles are shown. Exponential growth at rate occurred for time at 37°C, lasting approximately four generations. A fraction of the population was then subjected to heat-shock at 80°C or pH 1.5 for a time and declined at rate . Rates were measured in doublings per hour, and times were measured as a fraction of an hour. For heat-shock selection, ; for low-pH selection, . Overall fitness can be improved by an increase in the growth rate and/or a decrease in the decay rate . The first mutation fixed in all lineages within 11 cycles.

Inline graphic — Two complete cycles are shown. Exponential growth at rate occurred for time at 37°C, lasting approximately four generations. A fraction of the population was then subjected to heat-shock at 80°C or pH 1.5 for a time and declined at rate . Rates were measured in doublings per hour, and times were measured as a fraction of an hour. For heat-shock selection, ; for low-pH selection, . Overall fitness can be improved by an increase in the growth rate and/or a decrease in the decay rate . The first mutation fixed in all lineages within 11 cycles.