Table 1. Demographic, electrocardiographic, and echocardiographic findings by stage in T. cruzi-infected (Tc+) and uninfected (Tc−) individuals.
| Tc+ Stage A | Tc− Stage A | Tc+ Stage B | Tc− Stage B | Tc+ Stage C | Tc− Stage C | Tc+ Stage D | Tc− Stage D | |
| N = 66 | N = 48 | N = 41 | N = 9 | N = 18 | N = 5 | N = 68 | N = 10 | |
| N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | |
| Male Sex | 29 (43.9) | 18 (37.5) | 19 (46.3) | 4 (44.4) | 8 (44.4) | 2 (40.0) | 43 (63.2) | 8 (80) |
| Age in years, mean (SD) | 55.6 (12.7) | 53.2 (12.8) | 58.2 (12.7) | 53.8 (15.6) | 59.4 (12.6) | 51.4 (13.0) | 60.8 (11.6) | 60.8 (14.3) |
| Recruitment Site | ||||||||
| Inpatient | 5 (7.6) | 3 (6.3) | 8 (19.5) | 3 (33.3) | 10 (55.6) | 3 (60.0) | 48 (70.6) | 8 (80) |
| Cardiology Clinic | 15 (22.7) | 8 (16.7) | 15 (36.6) | 3 (33.3) | 4 (22.2) | 2 (40.0) | 16 (23.5) | 2 (20) |
| Hospital Visitors | 46 (69.7) | 37 (77.1) | 18 (43.9) | 3 (33.3) | 4 (22.2) | 0 (0) | 4 (5.9) | 0 (0) |
| Self Reported History of: | ||||||||
| Hypertension | 31 (47.0) | 14 (29.2) | 21 (51.2) | 7 (77.8) | 8 (44.4) | 3 (60) | 32 (47.1) | 7 (70) |
| Diabetes | 12 (18.2) | 3 (6.3) | 3 (7.3) | 1 (11.1) | 4 (22.2) | 0 (0) | 7 (10.3) | 4 (40) |
| Coronary Artery Disease | 7 (10.6) | 1 (2.1) | 6 (14.6) | 0 (0) | 4 (22.2) | 1 (20) | 12 (17.7) | 5 (50) |
| Stroke | 3 (4.6) | 2 (4.2) | 2 (4.9) | 1 (11.1) | 1 (5.6) | 0 | 8 (11.8) | 1 (10) |
| Pacemaker | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 3 (7.3) | 3 (33.3) | 1 (5.6) | 1 (20) | 7 (10.3) | 0 (0) |
| BMI in kg/m2, mean (SD) | 30.1 (5.4) | 28.5 (6.1) | 29.3 (5.8) | 28.6 (6.3) | 27.8 (7.6) | 26.2 (6.3) | 26.1 (4.6) | 26.7 (5.3) |
| ECG | ||||||||
| HR in bpm, median (IQR) | 66 (63,75) | 69 (63,75) | 61 (57,67) | 71 (61,75) | 68 (65, 92) | 87 (60,98) | 71 (63, 87) | 75 (69,86) |
| PR Interval in ms, median(IQR) | 157 (147, 168) | 150 (146,174) | 194 (168,220) | 167.5 (155,177) | 159 (150, 183) | 153 (137,200) | 164 (150, 187) | 173.5 (157,212) |
| QRS Interval in ms, median(IQR) | 95 (89, 107) | 90.5 (83,101) | 109 (95, 150) | 103 (98,146) | 115 (88, 140) | 106.5 (102,152) | 121 (100, 162) | 141.5 (137,164) |
| Chagas-associated ECG changes | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 41 (100) | 9 (100) | 11 (61.1) | 3 (60) | 57 (83.8) | 7 (70) |
| Bradycardia (HR< = 50) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 7 (17.1) | 0 (0) | 1 (5.6) | 0 (0) | 7 (10.3) | 0 (0) |
| Number of PVCs, mean (SD) | 0.03 (0.2) | 0 (0) | 0.38 (1.4) | 0.33 (1) | 0.17 (0.4) | 0.2 (0.1) | 0.54 (1.2) | 0.8 (1.6) |
| Multiple PVCs (>1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 4 (9.8) | 1 (11) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 11 (16.2) | 2 (20) |
| Atrial Fibrillation | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (4.9) | 1 (11) | 2 (11.1) | 1 (20) | 21 (30.9) | 2 (20) |
| 1st degree AV block | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 19 (46.3) | 1 (11) | 2 (11.1) | 0 (0) | 7 (10.3) | 3 (30) |
| 2nd degree AV block - Mobitz 1 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (5.6) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| 3rd degree AV block | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (2.4) | 1 (11) | 1 (5.6) | 0 (0) | 2 (2.9) | 0 (0) |
| RBBB | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 9 (22.0) | 2 (22) | 2 (11.1) | 0 (0) | 11 (16.2) | 1 (10) |
| Incomplete RBBB | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 7 (17.1) | 1 (11) | 2 (11.1) | 0 (0) | 2 (2.9) | 1 (10) |
| LAFB | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 3 (7.3) | 2 (22) | 2 (11.1) | 1 (20) | 6 (8.8) | 2 (20) |
| LBBB | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 3 (7.3) | 1 (11) | 2 (11.1) | 0 (0) | 7 (10.3) | 1 (10) |
| Bifascicluar - LAFB and RBBB | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 5 (12.2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 4 (5.9) | 1 (10) |
| Echocardiography * | ||||||||
| EF in percent, mean (SD) | 62.0 (2.5) | 62.3 (2.9) | 61.3 (2.7) | 61.7 (2.5) | 47.8 (3.5) | 50 (0) | 27.1 (10.9) | 24.4 (5.8) |
| LVEDD in mm, mean (SD) | 43.4 (6.0) | 42.9 (4.2) | 45.7 (5.4) | 45.0 (5.0) | 46.5 (6.8) | 43.7 (5.9) | 61.0 (8.4) | 55.9 (9.3) |
| Segmental Score, median (IQR) | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | 1.25 (1.0–1.3) | 1.25 (1.25–1.32) | 2.16 (1.6–2.4) | 1.9 (1.7–2.1) |
| Segmental Score>1 | 0 (0) | 2 (6.7) | 4 (9.8) | 0 (0) | 13 (72.2) | 5 (100) | 58 (100) | 8 (88.9) |
Bolded values represent a significant difference between Tc+ or Tc− individuals at a p<0.05.
*Not all individuals had echocardiography performed; Ns shown in Figure 1.
bpm = beats per minute, ms = millisecond, AV = atrio-ventricular, RBBB = right bundle branch block, LAFB = left anterior fascicular block, LBBB = left bundle branch block, EF = ejection fraction. LVEDD = left ventricular end diastolic diameter. na = not applicable.