Table 4.
Hazard ratios of psoriasis according to status of regular anti-hypertensive medication use
| Cases | Person-years | Age-adjusted HR (95% CI) |
Multivariate-adjusted HRa (95% CI) |
Multivariate-adjusted HRb (95% CI) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall anti-hypertensive medication | |||||
| Non-regular users | 442 | 632,210 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Regular users | 401 | 434,129 | 1.32 (1.15–1.52) | 1.19 (1.03–1.37) | 1.10 (0.92–1.32) |
| Thiazide diuretics | |||||
| Non-regular users | 710 | 923,449 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Regular users | 133 | 142,890 | 1.21 (1.00–1.45) | 1.09 (0.90–1.32) | 1.02 (0.83–1.24) |
| Beta-blockers | |||||
| Non-regular users | 684 | 900,025 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Regular users | 159 | 166,314 | 1.25 (1.05–1.49) | 1.18 (0.99–1.40) | 1.12 (0.93–1.34) |
| Calcium-channel blockers | |||||
| Non-regular users | 747 | 968,410 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Regular users | 96 | 97,929 | 1.26 (1.01–1.56) | 1.15 (0.93–1.43) | 1.09 (0.87–1.35) |
| ACE inhibitors | |||||
| Non-regular users | 733 | 953,227 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Regular users | 110 | 113,112 | 1.26 (1.03–1.54) | 1.16 (0.94–1.42) | 1.08 (0.87–1.33) |
Abbreviations: ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio.
a
Simultaneously adjusted for age, body mass index, alcohol intake, physical activity, smoking status, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, postmenopausal hormones use, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs use, and multi-vitamins supplement.
b
Additionally adjusted for hypertension.