Table 1.
Correlates of Smoking Menthol Cigarettes Stratified by Race/Ethnicity
| Correlates | Alla, N = 5,932 (27% menthol) | Non-Hispanic White, N = 5,026 (21% menthol) | Black, N = 657 (79% menthol) | Hispanic, N = 249 (34% menthol) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % menthol | OR | (95% CI) | N | % menthol | OR | (95% CI) | N | % menthol | OR | (95% CI) | N | % menthol | OR | (95% CI) | |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||||||||||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 5,026 | 21 | Reference | |||||||||||||
| Black | 657 | 79 | 16.82 | (13.71, 20.62) | ||||||||||||
| Hispanic | 249 | 34 | 1.77 | (1.34, 2.33) | ||||||||||||
| Gender | ||||||||||||||||
| Female | 3,271 | 30 | Reference | 2,783 | 24 | Reference | 359 | 81 | Reference | 139 | 39 | Reference | ||||
| Male | 2,661 | 23 | 0.63 | (0.55, 0.71) | 2,243 | 17 | 0.64 | (0.56, 0.74) | 298 | 77 | 0.63 | (0.42, 0.92) | 120 | 28 | 0.62 | (0.35, 1.10) |
| Age (years) | ||||||||||||||||
| 18–24 | 635 | 36 | Reference | 515 | 28 | Reference | 68 | 93 | Reference | 52 | 45 | Reference | ||||
| 25–39 | 1,490 | 24 | 0.50 | (0.40, 0.61) | 1,195 | 15 | 0.47 | (0.36, 0.60) | 193 | 85 | 0.58 | (0.24, 1.37) | 102 | 28 | 0.48 | (0.22, 1.04) |
| 40–54 | 2,211 | 31 | 0.72 | (0.59, 0.88) | 1,876 | 24 | 0.72 | (0.57, 0.90) | 264 | 83 | 0.66 | (0.28, 1.54) | 71 | 36 | 0.61 | (0.28, 1.32) |
| 55+ | 1,596 | 22 | 0.51 | (0.40, 0.63) | 1,440 | 19 | 0.56 | (0.44, 0.71) | 132 | 58 | 0.18 | (0.08, 0.44) | 24 | 34 | 0.49 | (0.17, 1.45) |
| Education | ||||||||||||||||
| Low | 2,710 | 27 | Reference | 2,241 | 20 | Reference | 333 | 81 | Reference | 136 | 38 | Reference | ||||
| Moderate | 2,294 | 28 | 1.01 | (0.90, 1.27) | 1,954 | 22 | 1.10 | (0.90, 1.34) | 256 | 80 | 0.97 | (0.64, 1.46) | 84 | 32 | 0.74 | (0.41, 1.34) |
| High | 980 | 23 | 0.99 | (0.82, 1.18) | 875 | 21 | 1.07 | (0.88, 1.30) | 72 | 64 | 0.46 | (0.24, 0.88) | 33 | 24 | 0.52 | (0.21, 1.27) |
| Income | ||||||||||||||||
| Low | 2,289 | 27 | Reference | 1,841 | 18 | Reference | 346 | 79 | Reference | 102 | 34 | Reference | ||||
| Moderate | 2,089 | 26 | 1.13 | (1.01, 1.27) | 1,814 | 22 | 1.08 | (0.97, 1.20) | 193 | 77 | 1.49 | (0.90, 2.46) | 82 | 37 | 1.15 | (0.68, 1.94) |
| High | 1,493 | 27 | 1.18 | (1.04, 1.34) | 1,336 | 23 | 1.16 | (1.02, 1.32) | 94 | 84 | 1.09 | (0.65, 1.85) | 63 | 32 | 1.37 | (0.71, 2.65) |
| Not provided | 412 | 28 | 1.00 | (0.83, 1.19) | 341 | 21 | 0.93 | (0.76, 1.14) | 52 | 75 | 0.97 | (0.59, 1.59) | 19 | 36 | 1.79 | (0.72, 4.44) |
| HSI index | ||||||||||||||||
| 0–1 | 1,620 | 30 | Reference | 1,222 | 21 | Reference | 266 | 79 | Reference | 132 | 25 | Reference | ||||
| 2–3 | 3,307 | 27 | 1.01 | (0.93, 1.10) | 2,831 | 21 | 1.01 | (0.92, 1.10) | 367 | 79 | 0.82 | (0.63, 1.08) | 109 | 39 | 1.81 | (1.25, 2.61) |
| 4–6 | 2,183 | 24 | 1.09 | (0.99, 1.21) | 2,005 | 21 | 1.10 | (0.98, 1.22) | 135 | 79 | 0.82 | (0.56, 1.21) | 43 | 49 | 1.81 | (0.98, 3.37) |
| Intend to quit | ||||||||||||||||
| No | 2,023 | 26 | Reference | 1,792 | 23 | Reference | 155 | 75 | Reference | 76 | 35 | Reference | ||||
| Yes | 4,698 | 27 | 0.96 | (0.90, 1.02) | 3,932 | 20 | 0.96 | (0.91, 1.02) | 565 | 80 | 1.20 | (0.81, 1.76) | 201 | 34 | 0.83 | (0.57, 1.20) |
Note. OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval; HSI = Heaviness of Smoking Index. Analyses were adjusted for gender, age group, education, income, HSI, intention to quit, time in sample, and instrument change. Generalized estimating equation modeling approach was used; N indicates number of unique individuals within rows (therefore, sum of N across rows within variables will not equal total N inasmuch as individuals are present in multiple levels of a variable at different timepoints); row percentages are based on corresponding row N.
aAdditionally adjusted for race/ethnicity.