Table 4.
Associations Between Cross-Type (i.e., Menthol/Nonmenthol) and Within-Type Switching and Indicators of Nicotine Dependence and Quitting Activity
| Switching | N | Cigarettes/daya,b (M = 4.00 cigarettes) | Time to first cigarettea,c (M = 3.00min) | HSI indexa (M = 2.74) | Intend to quita (69% intend) | Attempt to quitd | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Concurrent (33% attempt) | Subsequent (39% attempt) | ||||||||||||||||||
| M | β | (95% CI) | M | β | (95% CI) | M | β | (95% CI) | % | OR | (95% CI) | % | OR | (95% CI) | % | OR | (95% CI) | ||
| Cross-type | |||||||||||||||||||
| No cross-type switch | 3,031 | 4.02 | Reference | 3.00 | Reference | 2.76 | Reference | 68 | Reference | 32 | Reference | 39 | Reference | ||||||
| Switch to nonmenthol | 139 | 3.31 | −0.15 | (−0.42, 0.12) | 3.27 | 0.20 | (−0.02, 0.41) | 2.17 | −0.19 | (−0.45, 0.06) | 77 | 1.35 | (0.95, 1.92) | 39 | 1.09 | (0.78, 1.52) | 42 | 1.03 | (0.66, 1.60) |
| Switch to menthol | 123 | 3.57 | −0.01 | (−0.29, 0.28) | 2.97 | 0.07 | (−0.15, 0.29) | 2.51 | −0.05 | (−0.31, 0.22) | 66 | 0.88 | (0.61, 1.25) | 40 | 1.12 | (0.80, 1.57) | 41 | 0.91 | (0.57, 1.44) |
| Within typee | |||||||||||||||||||
| No switch | 2,574 | 4.02 | Reference | 2.99 | Reference | 2.76 | Reference | 68 | Reference | 31 | Reference | 38 | Reference | ||||||
| Within-type switch | 575 | 3.94 | −0.10 | (−0.22, 0.03) | 3.02 | 0.08 | (−0.03, 0.19) | 2.68 | −0.20 | (−0.32, −0.08) | 75 | 1.22 | (1.04, 1.44) | 41 | 1.47 | (1.25, 1.73) | 46 | 1.31 | (1.04, 1.64) |
Note. HSI = heaviness of smoking index; OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval. All outcomes were assessed at the wave immediately following the interval in which switching was assessed, with the exception of concurrent attempt to quit; generalized estimating equation modeling approach was used; N indicates number of unique individuals within rows (therefore, sum of N across rows will not equal cohort N); row means and percentages are based on corresponding row N; analyses were adjusted for race/ethnicity, gender, age group, education, income, time in sample, and instrument change.
aAdditionally adjusted for corresponding dependence measure assessed at previous wave.
bSquare root transformed.
cNatural logarithm transformed.
dAdditionally adjusted for HSI index assessed prior to switch/no switch.
eAdditionally adjusted for cigarette type.