Table 3.

Multiple linear relationship between relative and absolute income and outcomes among Chinese youth^a.

Outcomes	Predictorsa	Girls			Boys			P (cross-gender difference)
		OR (95%CI)		$p_{\text{trend}}^{\text{for}}$	OR (95%CI)		$p_{\text{trend}}^{\text{for}}$
Cigarette smoking in the last 30 days (Yes vs. No)	Self-perceived Relative Income Inequality (SPRII)
	Relative to others (SPRII-S)
	Much or somewhat lower	0.96 (0.73–1.25)		**	1.02 (0.85–1.23)			*
	Equal (reference group)	1			1
	Much or somewhat higher	1.52 (1.14–2.02)			1.13 (0.92–1.40)
	Relative to the past (SPRII-P)
	Much or somewhat lower	1.08 (0.81–1.42)		*	1.37 (1.12–1.66)			*
	Equal (reference group)	1			1
	Much or somewhat higher	0.88 (0.69–1.14)			1.26 (1.06–1.50)
	Household income
	less than 401	1.14 (0.79–1.63)			0.84 (0.66–1.08)
	401–600	1.34 (0.93–1.94)			0.93 (0.72–1.19)
	601–1000	1.04 (0.76–1.43)			0.91 (0.74–1.13)
	1001–1700 (reference group)	1			1
	1701–3200	0.85 (0.57–1.29)			0.78 (0.58–1.03)
	more than 3200	1.19 (0.78–1.80)			1.01 (0.73–1.39)
		β ± se	pb	$p_{\text{trend}}^{\text{for}}$	β ± se	pb	$p_{\text{trend}}^{\text{for}}$
Self-reported general health status (std)	Self-perceived Relative Income Inequality (SPRII)
	Relative to others (SPRII-S)
	Much or somewhat lower	−0.24 ± 0.03	****	****	−0.16 ± 0.03	****	****	+
	Equal (reference group)	0			0
	Much or somewhat higher	0.05 ± 0.03	+		0.15 ± 0.03	****
	Relative to the past (SPRII-P)
	Much or somewhat lower	−0.08 ± 0.03	*	****	−0.13 ± 0.04	***	****	+
	Equal (reference group)	0			0
	Much or somewhat higher	0.06 ± 0.03	*		0.13 ± 0.03	****
	Household income
	less than 401	−0.01 ± 0.04			0.01 ± 0.04
	401–600	−0.05 ± 0.04			−0.02 ± 0.04
	601–1000	0.05 ± 0.03			0.02 ± 0.04
	1001–1700 (reference group)	0			0
	1701–3200	−0.02 ± 0.04			−0.01 ± 0.04
	more than 3200	−0.06 ± 0.05			0.03 ± 0.05

^aother variables adjusted in the model include youth’s age, youth’s hostility, parents’ highest education level, youth’s academic performance, rank of school, school type, rank of district, and city.

^b+: p < 0.10; *: p < 0.05; **: p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001.