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Effect of intrathecal injection of combination of drugs on acute noxious heat stimulation. The effects of the drugs at 30 min post injection are shown. The vertical axis is maximum possible effect (%) and the horizontal axis is dose (μg) of the opioid. For SHG, a fixed dose of 1 μg was combined with morphine and a dose of 0.3 μg was combined with EM. The dose of ketamine was fixed at 10 μg. Data are mean ± SEM. n = 6–7 rats per group.
