Figure 1.

Immunoreceptor signaling for mobilizing the major cell-autonomous effector programs against Mtb. In addition, new NLR, VDR-, and P2XR-induced activities are emerging (see text). Mtb ligands that elicit TLR signaling include mannosylated lipoarabinomann, phosphatidylinositol mannosides (PIMs), and the 19-kDa lipoprotein. These pathways synergize to induce distinct as well as overlapping signatures of effector proteins for bacterial restriction as shown. For schematic simplicity, receptors are depicted as single chains instead of their trimeric, tetrameric, and heteromeric forms (especially in the case of the TLRs). Adaptor and transcription factor abbreviations: IRF, interferon regulatory factor; JAK, Janus kinase; NF-κB BM, NF-κB binding motif; STAT1, signal transducer and activator of transcription 1; TIRAP, toll-interleukin 1 receptor (TIR) domain containing adaptor protein; TRADD, tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1–associated DEATH domain; TRAF, TNF receptor–associated factor; TRAM, TRIF-related adaptor molecule; TRIF, TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β.