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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Dec 15.
Published in final edited form as: Biol Psychiatry. 2014 Apr 3;76(12):970–976. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.03.026

Figure 1. Change in depression severity in patients with treatment-resistant depression following intranasal ketamine or placebo.

Figure 1

Change in MADRS depression severity 24 hours following administration was the primary outcome measure and was significantly greater following intranasal ketamine than placebo in the modified intention-to-treat group (n=18; p<0.001). MADRS, Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale; range is 0–60 with higher scores indicating greater severity of depressive symptoms. *p<0.05, **p<0.01.