Table 5.

Health outcomes among the different handgrip and quadriceps strength categories

	Normal handgrip and normal quadriceps strength (n = 267)	Weak handgrip and normal quadriceps strength (n = 134)		Normal handgrip and weak quadriceps strength (n = 165)		Weak handgrip and weak quadriceps strength (n = 198)
	Median [IQR]	Median [IQR]	P valuea	Median [IQR]	P valuea	Median [IQR]	P valueb
Baseline characteristics
Femalec	184 (68.9)	90 (67.2)	0.723	117 (70.9)	0.662	130 (65.7)	0.776
Age (year)	81 [78; 85]	84 [80; 88]	<0.001	82 [79; 86]	0.007	85 [80; 89]	0.165
N chronic diseasesd	3 [2; 5]	4 [3; 5]	0.346	4 [2; 6]	0.193	5 [3; 6]	<0.001
Weight (kg)	76 [67; 84]	71 [61; 80]	<0.001	71 [62; 81]	0.002	69 [60; 80]	0.826
Health outcomes at baselinee
EQ5D+c	0.81 [0.72; 0.89]	0.81 [0.69; 0.86]	0.948	0.81 [0.68; 0.84]	<0.001	0.68 [0.30; 0.81]	<0.001
GARS	25 [21; 31]	31 [25; 38]	<0.001	29 [24; 36]	<0.001	40 [32; 49]	<0.001
BADL	9 [9; 10]	9 [9; 11]	0.141	9 [9; 11]	0.001	11 [9; 17]	<0.001
IADL	16 [12; 21]	21 [16; 27]	<0.001	20 [15; 25]	<0.001	28 [22; 33]	<0.001
GP contact-time (min)f	100 [40; 170]	100 [43; 198]	0.753	90 [40; 170]	0.693	185 [103;368]	0.005
Hospitalizationc	40 (15.0)	28 (21.1)	0.152	27 (16.4)	0.667	62 (31.6)	0.034
Gait speed (m/s)	0.67 [0.50; 0.84]	0.52 [0.36; 0.66]	<0.001	0.50 [0.31; 0.65]	<0.001	0.30 [0.05; 0.46]	<0.001
Health outcomes at follow-upg
Mortalityc	8 (3.0)	7 (5.2)	0.812	6 (3.6)	0.708	10 (5.1)	0.825
EQ5D+c	0.81 [0.69; 0.89]	0.73 [0.56; 0.84]	0.044	0.81 [0.65; 0.84]	0.954	0.65 [0.26; 0.81]	0.479
GARS	28 [22; 35]	35 [29; 43]	0.156	33 [25; 41]	0.995	43 [34; 51]	0.379
BADL	9 [9; 11]	11 [9; 14]	0.017	10 [9; 12]	0.785	13 [10; 19]	0.819
IADL	18 [13; 25]	24 [19; 29]	0.294	23 [16; 29]	0.870	30 [24; 35]	0.419
Hospitalizationc	41 (19.6)	23 (23.5)	0.495	26 (20.3)	0.778	30 (21.7)	0.567
GP contact-time (min)f	100 [50; 170]	105 [53; 245]	0.706	120 [60; 240]	0.384	210 [73; 398]	0.697

^aNumbers were compared to the normal handgrip and normal quadriceps strength group using general linear model (GLM) univariate analysis

^bNumbers were compared to the weak handgrip and normal quadriceps strength group using GLM univariate analysis

^cNumber (%)

^dIncluding self-reported diabetes, heart failure, cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, incontinence, arthritis, osteoporosis, dizziness, lower urinary tract symptoms, depression, anxiety, dementia, impaired vision, deafness, fracture, stroke/transient ischemic attack, myocardial infarction

^eGLM univariate analyses were corrected for age and sex

^fGP contact information was available for 359 participants; the numbers of participants analyzed in the respective groups are 134, 67, 79, and 79

^gGLM univariate analyses were corrected for age, sex and health outcome at baseline. Follow-up information was available for 570 participants: the numbers of participants analyzed in the respective groups are 208, 98, 127, and 137