Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Oct 15.
Published in final edited form as: J Immunol. 2014 Sep 8;193(8):3902–3913. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302998

Figure 2. TLR5 mediated monocyte trafficking is interconnected to TNF-α pathway and ligation of myeloid TLR5 is a strong promoter of RA osteoclast differentiation.

Figure 2

A. Expression of TLR5 was quantified in RA monocytes treated with DMARDs (n=34) or with anti-TNF-α in the presence or absence of DMARDs (n=34). B. Monocyte migration was examined in response to various concentrations of flagellin (0.1 and 10 ng/ml) or TNF-α (0.1 and 5 ng/ml) alone or in combination. The combined doses were compared to the same doses treated alone, n=3. C. 20% RA SFs were incubated with 10 µg/ml IgG or anti-TNF-α and monocytes were either immunoneutralized by 10 µg/ml anti-TLR5 or IgG control prior to performing chemotaxis, n=7. D. RA PBMCs were differentiated to fully mature osteoclasts in the presence 20 ng/ml of M-CSF and RANKL, while suboptimal conditions consisted of 10 ng/ml M-CSF and RANKL, n=4. NL (n=3) (E) and RA PBMCs (n=4) (F) were exposed to varying concentrations of flagellin (0.001 to 100 ng/ml) in the presence of 10 ng/ml human M-CSF and RANKL (suboptimal condition) prior to TRAP staining and significance is compared to no flagellin treatment (0) in the suboptimal condition in E and F. G. Shows the representative TRAP staining (original magnification x 200) of F. Negative (-) and positive (+) controls consisted of untreated cells or cells treated with 20 ng/ml M-CSF and RANKL. Values demonstrate mean ± SE.* represents p <0.05.