. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jan 1.

Published in final edited form as: Antivir Ther. 2014 Apr 4;20(1):73–76. doi: 10.3851/IMP2772

Table 2.

Association of HIV-1 sequence synonymous (dS) and non-synonymous (dN) substitution rates with subjects’ baseline characteristics and HIV-1 metrics during low-level viremia.

	Pol sequence		Non-drm sites
	dS	dN	dS	dN
Sex	(0.64)	(0.99)	(0.97)	(0.84)
Race	(0.44)	(0.98)	(0.39)	(0.44)

Age (years)	(0.08)	(0.44)	(0.11)	(0.37)
Pretreatment VL (log₁₀ copies/mL)	(0.35)	(0.05)	(0.43)	(0.80)
Pretreatment CD4 (cells/mm³)	(0.60)	(0.83)	(0.78)	(0.22)
Length of low-level viremia (weeks)	(0.92)	(0.22)	(0.69)	(0.54)
First VL during LLV (copies/mL)	0.46	0.52	0.45	0.38
First VL during LLV (copies/mL)	(<0.01)	(<0.001)	(<0.0001)	(<0.001)
Minimum VL during LLV (copies/mL)	0.29	0.39	0.29	0.29
Minimum VL during LLV (copies/mL)	(<0.05)	(<0.05)	(<0.01)	(<0.05)
Maximum VL during LLV (copies/mL)	0.31	0.35	0.32	0.30
Maximum VL during LLV (copies/mL)	(<0.05)	(<0.05)	(<0.01)	(<0.05)
Time adjusted area under the curve (copies/mL)	0.29	0.40	0.30	0.27
Time adjusted area under the curve (copies/mL)	(0.05)	(<0.05)	(<0.01)	(<0.05)

Displayed are Spearman correlations (with significance levels in parentheses). For sex and race and other baseline characteristics, only significance levels are shown (based on Kruskal-Wallis or Wilcoxon rank-sum tests).

DRM, drug resistance mutation; LLV, low-level viremia