Table 1.
Baseline Participant Characteristics according to Red Blood Cell Saturated Fatty Acid Levelsa
| SFA Tertiles (Ranges in %)
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 (40–43) | T2 (43–46) | T3 (46–51) | P valueb | |
| No. of Participants | 17 | 17 | 17 | |
| Demographic Characteristics | ||||
| Age (years) | 55 (10) | 55 (10) | 56 (8) | 0.90 |
| Sex (female) | 8 (47%) | 6 (35%) | 7 (41%) | 0.94 |
| Race | 0.42 | |||
| White | 13 (76%) | 11 (65%) | 7 (41%) | |
| African American | 3 (18%) | 3 (18%) | 7 (41%) | |
| Asian | 1 (6%) | 2 (12%) | 2 (12%) | |
| Multi-Racial | - | 1 (6%) | 1 (6%) | |
| Smoking Status | 0.80 | |||
| Former | 6 (35%) | 3 (18%) | 3 (18%) | |
| Current | 2 (12%) | 2 (12%) | 3 (18%) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 30.0 (4.5) | 28.1 (5.9) | 27.3 (4.5) | 0.12 |
| Overweight (25–30) | 5 (29%) | 5 (29%) | 7 (41%) | |
| Obese (>30) | 8 (47%) | 6 (35%) | 4 (24%) | |
| Blood Pressure (mmHg) | 137 (19) / 79 (10) | 132 (14) / 78 (9) | 136 (15) / 80 (10) | 0.94 / 0.81 |
| Hypertension | 3 (18%) | 3 (18%) | 3 (18%) | 1.00 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 5 (29%) | 5 (29%) | 2 (12%) | 0.43 |
| Clinical Characteristics | ||||
| TG (mg/dL) | 133 (62) | 96 (30) | 94 (35) | 0.02 |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 60 (22) | 52 (10) | 59 (22) | 0.94 |
| LDL (mg/dL) | 117 (31) | 131 (67) | 104 (30) | 0.45 |
| CRP (mg/L) | 2.89 (3.41) | 1.67 (2.26) | 1.82 (2.48) | 0.27 |
| IL-6 (pg/mL) | 2.57 (1.82) | 2.85 (1.66) | 2.40 (1.07) | 0.75 |
| WBC (k/μL) | 6.6 (2.1) | 7.3 (2.3) | 5.9 (1.1) | 0.29 |
| PD (mm) | 2.6 (0.4) | 2.8 (0.4) | 2.6 (0.4) | 0.81 |
| Red Blood Cell Phospholipid Fatty Acids (%) | ||||
| SFA | 42 (0.9) | 44 (0.9) | 48 (1.5) | <0.001 |
| Palmitic Acid | 21 (0.8) | 21 (1.1) | 22 (1.4) | 0.02 |
| Stearic Acid | 15 (1.1) | 17 (1.1) | 20 (1.5) | <0.001 |
| TFA | 0.7 (0.2) | 0.8 (0.3) | 1.2 (0.3) | <0.001 |
| MUFA | 19 (1.5) | 17 (1.1) | 16 (1.1) | <0.001 |
| ω3FA | 7 (1.5) | 6 (1.1) | 5 (1.3) | 0.01 |
| ω6FA | 32 (2.3) | 32 (1.8) | 29 (2.1) | <0.001 |
Abbreviations: BMI: Body Mass Index, TG: Triglycerides, HDL: High Density Lipoprotein, LDL: Low Density Lipoprotein, CRP: C-Reactive Protein, IL-6: Interleukin-6, WBC: White Blood Count, PD: mean periodontal Pocket Depth, SFA: Saturated Fatty Acids, TFA: Trans-Fatty Acids, MUFA: Mono-Unsaturated Fatty Acids, ω3FA: Omega-3 Fatty Acids, ω6FA: Omega-6 Fatty Acids.
a
Data are means (SD) or number (%). Four participants were missing baseline SFA measurements.
b
P values were based on the simple linear regression for continuous variables or Fisher's exact test for categorical variables.