Table 1. Case Reports and Case Series Describing the Efficacy of TCUP Program of rhTSH-Aided RAI Treatment for Metastatic Thyroid Cancer.

Reference	Number of patients	Age	Sex	Location of metastases	131-I activity	Outcome
17	1	54	M	bones, lungs	515 mCi	Disease stabilization
18	2	56	F	pituitary gland	200 mCi	Disease stabilization
19	1	61	F	vertebral spine	200 mCi, 3 months later repeat 200 mCi	3 months after first dose clinical improvement, less 131I uptake shown in WBS
20	1	46	F	liver	65 mCi, 6 months later 297 mCi	6 months after 1st treatment significant reduction in size of liver metastases
16	115	59	F 60 M 55	lymph nodes 39.1%, lungs 39.1%, bones 29.6%, spinal 20% mediastinum 14.8%, brain 9.6%, liver 6.1%	No data	Clinical response Clinical status 12 months after treatment improved 24.3% no change 54.1%, worsened 21.6% Biochemical response Serum Tg 12 months after treatment decreased/undetectable 72.7%, increased 27.3%
22	12	48-75	F 6 M 6	lungs, bones, lymph nodes	2.7-3 mCi/kg	Decrease in serum Tg level in 50% of patients, not clinically relevant
23	11	15-82	F 6 M 5	lungs, bone, brain	27-200 mCi	5/11 patients – progression (including death 3/5) 6/11 – decreased or stabilized tumor burden
33	1	28	F	lungs	100 mCi (previously THW-aided 1528 mCi)	Superiority of THW in detection of RAI uptake in lungs metastases
34	2	71 and 32	F	Case 1- bones Case 2- locoregional disease, lungs	Case 1 7 courses of THW –aided treatment with 200 mCi 2 courses of rhTSH aided treatment with 200 mCi, 2 courses of THW aided treatment with 150mCi Case 2 2 courses of THW-aided treatment with 200 mCi 6 courses of rhTSH-aided treatment with 200 mCi 1 course of THW-aided treatment with 200 mCi	Superiority of THW in detection of RAI uptake in lungs metastases

Abbreviations: DTC = differentiated thyroid cancer; mCi = RAI = radioiodine; rhTSH = recombinant human thyroid stimulating hormone; THW = thyroid hormone withdrawal; WBS = whole body scan