. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Oct 5.

Published in final edited form as: J Abnorm Psychol. 2009 Aug;118(3):448–458. doi: 10.1037/a0016605

Table 1.

Characteristics of Participants With Bipolar Disorder and Controls

	Group
Variable	Control (n = 28)	Bipolar (n = 28)	Test statistic
Gender			χ²(1, N = 56) = 1.70
Male	8	4
Female	20	24
Race/ethnicity			χ²(5, N = 56) = 4.31
African American	3	2
Asian American	5	1
Caucasian	16	20
Hispanic	1	1
Native American	0	1
Other	3	3
Employment status			χ²(1, N = 56) = 0.13
Full-time/part-time/student	26	22
Unemployed/retired	2	6
Marital status			χ²(2, N = 56) = 0.66
Single	16	14
Married/partnered	6	9
Divorced/separated/widowed	6	5
Mean age (SD) in years	37.75 (12.87)	33.46 (10.36)	t(54) = 1.37
Age range in years	18–61	20–61
Mean age (in years) at bipolar onset (SD)		19.37 (9.56)
Mean time (in months) since last episode (SD)		19.00 (53.47)
Mean years of education (SD)	15.07 (2.07)	15.25 (2.08)	t(54) = 0.32
Mean IDS-C (SD)	2.67 (2.39)	7.00 (3.71)	t(47) = 4.84^***
Mean YMRS (SD)	0.88 (1.40)	2.81 (2.17)	t(51) = 3.87^***

Note. IDS-C = Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology–Clinician Rating; YMRS = Young Mania Rating Scale.

^***

p < .001.