Table 1.
Sociodemographics and Health-Related Characteristics of Foreign-Born Chinese Individuals Aged ≥65 in New York City by Gender and Percentage (SE).
| Characteristics | Total (n=805) | Men (n=392) | Women (n=413) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic characteristics | ||||
| Age (years) | 0.001 | |||
| 65 to 69 | 26.0 (1.7) | 25.9 (2.4) | 26.2 (2.3) | |
| 70 to 74 | 26.7 (1.7) | 24.5 (2.3) | 28.6 (2.3) | |
| 75 to 79 | 23.1 (1.6) | 28.9 (2.3) | 18.0 (2.0) | |
| 80 and over | 24.2 (1.6) | 20.7 (2.0) | 27.2 (2.2) | |
| Education | 0.007 | |||
| Less than high school | 62.4 (1.9) | 57.4 (2.6) | 66.8 (2.5) | |
| High school graduate | 23.6 (1.6) | 25.2 (2.3) | 22.2 (2.1) | |
| College graduate | 14.0 (1.3) | 17.4 (1.9) | 11.0 (1.6) | |
| Income | 0.004 | |||
| <$25,000 | 73.5 (1.8) | 72.6 (2.4) | 74.2 (2.3) | |
| ≥$25,000 | 16.2 (1.5) | 19.9 (2.1) | 13.0 (1.7) | |
| Missing/Don't know | 10.3 (1.2) | 7.5 (1.4) | 12.8 (1.8) | |
| English spoken at home | 18.6 (1.6) | 18.8 (2.1) | 18.5 (2.0) | 0.895 |
| How well do you read English (2012 only, n=187) | 0.030 | |||
| Very well | 1.9 (0.9) | 1.0 (1.0) | 3.2 (1.8) | |
| Well | 9.3 (2.3) | 12.8 (3.3) | 4.2 (2.1) | |
| Not well | 40.0 (3.7) | 43.4 (5.1) | 35.3 (5.1) | |
| Not at all | 48.8 (3.9) | 42.9 (5.2) | 57.4 (5.2) | |
| Health care usage and diagnoses | ||||
| Health Care Coverage | 97.1 (0.6) | 95.4 (1.1) | 98.6 (0.6) | 0.009 |
| Check-up in the last year | 91.7 (1.0) | 89.4 (1.6) | 93.7 (1.3) | 0.037 |
| Too costly to see a doctor in the past year | 7.0 (1.0) | 8.1 (1.5) | 6.0 (1.2) | 0.251 |
| BMI, mean (SE) | 24.0 (0.2) | 24.1 (0.2) | 23.9 (0.2) | 0.426 |
| BMI (Asian definition) | 0.080 | |||
| Underweight/Normal weight (<23 kg/m2) | 41.4 (1.9) | 37.7 (2.6) | 44.7 (2.6) | |
| Overweight (23-27.49 kg/m2) | 44.5 (1.9) | 49.0 (2.7) | 40.7 (2.6) | |
| Obese (≥27.50 kg/m2) | 14.1 (1.3) | 13.4 (1.8) | 14.6 (1.8) | |
| Diabetes diagnosis | 27.5 (1.7) | 26.0 (2.3) | 28.7 (2.3) | 0.405 |
| High blood pressure diagnosis | 58.5 (1.8) | 52.9 (2.7) | 63.2 (2.5) | 0.005 |
| Flu shot in past 12 months | 85.5 (1.4) | 82.9 (2.0) | 87.7 (1.7) | 0.058 |
| Pneumonia vaccination in lifetime | 46.8 (2.0) | 46.0 (2.6) | 47.4 (2.6) | 0.277 |
| Health behaviors | ||||
| Cigarette Smoking | <0.001 | |||
| Current smoker | 7.4 (1.0) | 14.8 (2.0) | 1.3 (0.6) | |
| Former smoker | 17.4 (1.4) | 33.8 (2.5) | 3.8 (0.9) | |
| Non-smoker | 75.2 (1.6) | 51.4 (2.7) | 95.0 (1.1) | |
| Any PA in past month | 70.6 (1.7) | 72.3 (2.4) | 69.3 (2.4) | 0.367 |
| Recommended PA | 0.020 | |||
| None/Insufficient | 66.8 (1.8) | 62.5 (2.5) | 70.4 (2.4) | |
| At least sufficient | 33.2 (1.8) | 37.5 (2.5) | 29.6 (2.4) | |
| Daily F&V Intake, mean (SE) | 3.6 (0.1) | 3.6 (0.1) | 3.6 (0.1) | 0.643 |
| <3 times | 35.5 (1.9) | 36.7 (2.5) | 34.6 (2.5) | 0.778 |
| 3 to <5 times | 45.6 (1.9) | 45.3 (2.7) | 45.9 (2.6) | |
| ≥5 times | 18.8 (1.5) | 18.0 (2.0) | 19.5 (2.1) | |
| Health-Related Quality of Life | ||||
| Self-rated health status | 0.106 | |||
| Excellent/very good/good | 38.3 (1.9) | 41.3 (2.6) | 35.8 (2.5) | |
| Fair/poor | 61.7 (1.9) | 58.7 (2.6) | 64.2 (2.5) | |
| Poor physical health days in past month, mean (SE) | 5.3 (0.4) | 4.4 (0.5) | 6.1 (0.5) | 0.016 |
| ≥14 days | 16.0 (1.4) | 13.1 (1.8) | 18.6 (2.1) | 0.009 |
| 1 to 13 days | 24.9 (1.7) | 21.9 (2.2) | 27.5 (2.4) | |
| No days | 59.1 (2.0) | 65.0 (2.6) | 54.0 (2.7) | |
| Poor mental health days in past month, mean (SE) | 2.6 (0.3) | 1.9 (0.3) | 3.3 (0.4) | 0.004 |
| ≥14 days | 8.0 (1.0) | 5.3 (1.2) | 10.4 (1.7) | 0.013 |
| 1 to 13 days | 16.3 (1.5) | 14.5 (1.8) | 17.9 (2.1) | |
| No days | 75.7 (1.7) | 80.2 (2.1) | 71.7 (2.4) | |
| Limited activity days in past month, mean (SE) | 2.3 (0.3) | 1.6 (0.3) | 2.8 (0.4) | 0.010 |
| ≥14 days | 6.1 (0.9) | 4.1 (1.0) | 7.9 (1.4) | 0.029 |
| 1 to 13 days | 12.3 (1.3) | 10.7 (1.6) | 13.7 (1.8) | |
| No days | 81.6 (1.5) | 85.3 (1.8) | 78.4 (2.2) | |
Note. BMI = body mass index; PA = physical activity; F&V = fruit and vegetable