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SFN reduced TNF-α-induced IL-6, IL-1β and IL-8 expression in ECV 304 cells. After pretreatment with various concentrations of SFN and induced by TNF-α, the medium was collected. IL-6 (A), IL-1β (B), or IL-8 (C) protein secretions were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Statistical analysis was performed using the Student's unpaired t-test. Significant effect (*P<.001 and **P<.0001) on IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-8 protein secretion compared with the DMSO group.
