Table 2.
Expression levels of mRNA encoding membrane transporters in human lung
| Healthy | COPD | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gene (protein) | Central | Peripheral | Central | Peripheral | |
| ABC transporters | |||||
| High/moderate | ABCA1 (ABCA1) | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ |
| ABCA3 (ABCA3) | ++ | +++ | ++ | +++ | |
| ABCA5 (ABCA5) | ++ | ++ | ++ | + | |
| ABCA6 (ABCA6) | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | |
| ABCA9 (ABCA9) | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | |
| ABCB10 (ABCB10) | ++ | + | + | + | |
| ABCB6 (ABCB6) | ++ | ++ | ++ | + | |
| ABCB7 (ABCB7) | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | |
| ABCB8 (ABCB8) | ++ | ++ | ++ | + | |
| ABCC10 (MRP7) | ++ | ++ | ++ | + | |
| ABCC1 (MRP1) | ++ | ++ | ++ | + | |
| ABCC6 (MRP6) | ++ | ++ | + | + | |
| ABCC9 (ABCC9) | ++ | ++ | + | ++ | |
| ABCG1 (ABCG1) | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | |
| Low | ABCA10 (ABCA10) | + | + | + | + |
| ABCA2 (ABCA2) | + | + | + | + | |
| ABCA7 (ABCA7) | + | + | + | + | |
| ABCB1 (MDR1) | + | + | + | + | |
| ABCB9 (ABCB9) | + | + | + | +/− | |
| ABCC3 (MRP3) | + | + | + | + | |
| ABCC4 (MRP4) | + | ++ | + | + | |
| ABCC5 (MRP5) | + | + | + | + | |
| ABCC7 (CFTR) | + | + | + | ++ | |
| ABCC8 (ABCC8) | + | ++ | − | − | |
| ABCG2 (BCRP) | + | +/− | +/− | + | |
| Very low/not detected | ABCA4 (ABCA4) | +/− | − | +/− | − |
| ABCA12(ABCA12) | − | − | + | − | |
| ABCB4 (ABCB4) | − | − | − | − | |
| ABCB5 (ABCB5) | − | − | − | − | |
| ABCC11 (MRP8) | − | − | − | − | |
| ABCC12 (MRP9) | − | − | − | − | |
| ABCC2 (MRP2) | − | +/− | − | − | |
| ABCG4 (ABCG4) | − | − | − | − | |
| ABCG5 (ABCG5) | − | − | − | − | |
| ABCG8 (ABCG8) | − | − | − | − | |
| Solute carrier transporters | |||||
| High/moderate | Slc15A2 (PEPT2) | ++ | ++ | ++ | + |
| SLC19A2 (THT2) | ++ | ++ | + | ++ | |
| SLC22A3 (OCT3) | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | |
| SLC22A4 (OCTN1) | ++ | + | ++ | + | |
| SLC29A1 (ENT1) | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | |
| SLC2A1 (GLUT1) | ++ | + | ++ | + | |
| SLC31A1 (CTR1) | ++ | + | ++ | ++ | |
| SLC31A2 (CTR2) | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | |
| SLC36A4 (PAT4) | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | |
| SLC3A2 (4F2HC) | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | |
| SLC6A14 (ATB(0+)) | ++ | + | ++ | ++ | |
| SLC6A4 (SERT) | ++ | ++ | + | ++ | |
| SLC7A1 (CAT1) | ++ | ++ | ++ | + | |
| SLC7A6 (LAT-2, LAT3, y+LAT-2) | ++ | ++ | ++ | + | |
| SLC7A8 (LAT2, LPI-PC1) | ++ | ++ | + | + | |
| Low | SLC16A1 (MCT1) | + | + | + | + |
| SLC16A3 (MCT3) | + | + | + | + | |
| SLC16A4 (MCT4) | + | ++ | + | ++ | |
| SLC19A1 (RFP1) | + | ++ | + | + | |
| SLC19A3 (THTR2) | + | ++ | + | ++ | |
| SLC22A5 (OCTN2) | + | + | + | + | |
| SLC28A3 (CNT3) | + | +/− | + | +/− | |
| SLC29A2 (ENT2) | + | + | + | + | |
| SLC29A3 (ENT3) | + | ++ | + | + | |
| SLC29A4 (ENT4) | + | + | + | +/− | |
| SLC47A1 (MATE1) | + | + | + | + | |
| SLC51A (OSTalpha) | + | + | ++ | +/− | |
| SLC51B (OSTbeta) | + | + | + | + | |
| SLC7A11 (SLC7A11) | + | +/− | + | + | |
| SLC7A5 (LAT1) | + | + | + | + | |
| Very low/not detected | SLC15A1 (PEPT1) | − | − | − | − |
| SLC16A7 (MCT2) | − | − | − | − | |
| SLC22A11 (OAT4) | − | − | − | − | |
| SLC22A1 (OCT1) | +/− | + | +/− | +/− | |
| SLC22A2 (OCT2) | − | − | − | − | |
| SLC22A6 (OAT1) | − | − | − | − | |
| SLC22A7 (OAT2) | − | − | − | − | |
| SLC22A8 (OAT3) | − | − | − | − | |
| SLC22A9 (UST3H) | − | − | − | − | |
| SLC28A1 (CNT1) | − | − | − | − | |
| SLC28A2 (CNT2) | − | − | − | − | |
| SLC47A2 (MATE2) | − | − | − | − | |
| SLC6A2 (NAT) | − | − | − | − | |
| SLC6A3 (DAT) | − | − | − | − | |
| Solute carrier organic anion transporters | |||||
| High/moderate | SLCO2B1 (OATP2B1) | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ |
| SLCO4A1 (OATP4A1) | ++ | + | ++ | + | |
| Low | SLC01A2 (OATP1A2) | + | +/− | +/− | + |
| SLCO3A1 (OATP3A1) | + | + | + | + | |
| SLCO4C1 (OATP4C1) | + | + | + | + | |
| SLCO5A1 (OATP5A1) | + | + | + | +/− | |
| Very low/not detected | SLCO1B1 (OATP1B1) | − | − | − | − |
| SLCO1B3 (OATP1B3) | − | − | − | − | |
| SLCO1C1 (OATP1C1) | − | − | − | − | |
| SLCO6A1 (OATP6A1) | − | − | − | − | |
| Copper-transporting ATPases | |||||
| High/moderate | ATP7B (Copper transporter) | ++ | ++ | + | + |
| Low | ATP7A (Copper transporter) | + | + | + | + |
Average expression levels within each group expressed in% of the expression of the housekeeping genes ACTB, B2M, and RPLP0 (avg HKGs). Expression was calculated as (% avg HKGs) = 2−(Ct(Gene of interest)−Ct(avg HKGs)) × 100. Nondetectable (−)% <0.05; very low (+/−) 0.05 ≤ % < 0.1; low (+) 0.1 ≤ % t < 1; moderate (++) 1 ≤ % < 10; high (+++) 10 ≤ % t < 100; very high (++++) 100 ≤ %. The genes were sorted by their expression in the central region of healthy individuals.