Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of incident dialysis patients (N=330) according to the presence of appropriate or low appendicular muscle mass and appropriate or low muscle strength, respectively
| Characteristic | Muscle Mass (N=330) | Muscle Strength (N=330) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Appropriate | Low | P Value | Appropriate | Low | P Value | |
| Patients, n (%) | 184 (56) | 146 (44) | 212 (64) | 118 (36) | ||
| Age, yr | 53 (33–67) | 58 (35–68) | 0.003 | 51 (32–67) | 61 (44–69) | <0.001 |
| Men | 57 | 68 | 0.03 | 63 | 58 | 0.41 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 35 | 26 | 0.07 | 22 | 43 | 0.002 |
| CVD | 44 | 41 | 0.03 | 24 | 55 | <0.001 |
| PEW | 19 | 43 | <0.001 | 16 | 52 | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 25.8 (21.5–31.7) | 22.1 (18.8–27.0) | <0.001 | 24.1 (20.2–30.0) | 23.3 (18.5–30.8) | 0.29 |
| DEXA-LBMI, kg/m2 | 17.6 (14.4–20.5) | 15.4 (13.0–17.6) | <0.001 | 16.8 (14.0–19.8) | 15.8 (13.1–19.2) | 0.002 |
| DEXA-FBMI, kg/m2 | 7.5 (3.8–12.8) | 6.0 (2.9–10.2) | <0.001 | 6.7 (3.6–11.5) | 6.9 (3.2–11.7) | 0.34 |
| MAMC, cm | 15.5 (7.4–31.5) | 13.7 (6.1–27.2) | 0.04 | 14.8 (7.4–30.5) | 14.6 (6.2–28.5) | 0.31 |
| CO2, mmol/L | 23 (19–29) | 25 (19–30) | 0.12 | 24 (19–29) | 24 (20–30) | 0.29 |
| Serum albumin, g/dl | 3.3 (2.6–4.0) | 3.4 (2.6–4.1) | 0.06 | 3.4 (2.7–4.1) | 3.3 (2.5–3.9) | 0.02 |
| Serum creatinine, mg/dl | 8.1 (5.3–11.7) | 6.9 (4.2–10.4) | <0.001 | 8.3 (5.6–11.7) | 6.46 (4.17–10.0) | <0.001 |
| GFR, ml/min per 1.73 m2 | 7 (4–9) | 6 (4–10) | 0.80 | 7 (5–9) | 6 (4–9) | 0.27 |
| Leptin, ng/ml (n=285) | 10.0 (2.6–78.0) | 9.8 (2.6–47.8) | 0.34 | 9.0 (2.4–72.9) | 11.5 (3.6–54.0) | 0.30 |
| Cholesterol, mg/dl | 189 (116–278) | 197 (135–293) | 0.13 | 189 (123–278) | 197 (123–274) | 0.27 |
| Hemoglobin, g/L | 103 (86–121) | 108 (89–127) | 0.01 | 106 (88–123) | 104 (85–126) | 0.29 |
| Ferritin, ng/ml (n=323) | 332 (98–690) | 227 (66–715) | 0.02 | 299 (93–715) | 274 (54–684) | 0.53 |
| ACEIs/ARBs | 61 | 39 | 0.04 | 68 | 32 | 0.07 |
| PO4− binders | 57 | 43 | 0.55 | 66 | 34 | 0.28 |
| Ca2+ blockers | 57 | 43 | 0.57 | 67 | 33 | 0.24 |
| Statins | 57 | 43 | 0.89 | 62 | 38 | 0.68 |
| hsCRP, mg/L | 3.9 (0.7–25.5) | 6.8 (0.7–41) | 0.05 | 3.9 (0.6–25.2) | 6.7 (1.0–35.6) | 0.002 |
| IL-6, pg/ml (n=317) | 7.3 (2.1–52) | 7.1 (2.2–59) | 0.65 | 6.8 (2.1–50) | 9.7 (3.0–78.6) | 0.002 |
| TNF, pg/ml (n=271) | 9.8 (6.5–18.4) | 10.3 (6.6–17.9) | 0.72 | 9.7 (6.3–15.6) | 10.5 (7.2–23.9) | 0.02 |
Categorical data are shown as n (%) or %, whereas continuous data as presented as the median (10th percentile–90th percentile). CVD, cardiovascular disease; PEW, protein-energy wasting; BMI, body mass index; DEXA-LBMI, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry total lean body mass index; DEXA-FBMI, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry total fat body mass index; MAMC, midarm muscle circumference; ACE/ARB, angiotensin-converting enzyme/angiotensin receptor blocker; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein.