Table 3.
Clinical characteristics of incident dialysis patients according to the crosscombination of muscle mass and muscle strength categories
| Characteristic | Appropriate Muscle Massa | Low Muscle Massb | Multivariate ANOVAc | Chi-Square Testb | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Appropriate Muscle Strength | Low Muscle Strength | Appropriate Muscle Strength | Low Muscle Strength | Muscle Effect | Strength Effect | Interaction Term | ||
| Patients, n (%) | 134 (41) | 50 (15) | 78 (24) | 68 (20) | ||||
| Age, yr | 49 (32–66) | 60 (44–70) | 54 (32–68) | 63 (42–69) | 0.29 | <0.001 | 0.51 | |
| GFR, ml/min per 1.73 m2 | 7 (4–9) | 7 (3–9) | 7 (5–10) | 6 (4–10) | 0.43 | 0.11 | 0.75 | |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 25.2 (21.5–31.4) | 26.8 (19.2–32.6) | 22.1 (19.3–27.2) | 22.5 (18.1–26.4) | <0.001 | 0.46 | 0.11 | |
| DEXA-LBMI, kg/m2 | 17.6 (14.7–20.5) | 17.5 (14.4–21.0) | 15.9 (13.2–17.4) | 15.0 (12.6–17.8) | <0.001 | 0.13 | 0.14 | |
| DEXA-FBMI, kg/m2 | 7.1 (3.8–11.8) | 8.2 (3.2–14.2) | 5.8 (3.0–10.4) | 6.5 (3.2–9.8) | <0.001 | 0.19 | 0.20 | |
| MAMC, cm | 16.3 (7.4–31.0) | 15.2 (6.9–34.5) | 12.7 (6.1–28.5) | 14.2 (6.0–22.2) | 0.02 | 0.66 | 0.89 | |
| CO2, mmol/L | 23 (19–28) | 24 (19–32) | 24 (19–31) | 25 (20–29) | 0.44 | 0.36 | 0.15 | |
| Serum albumin, g/dl | 3.4 (2.7–4.1) | 3.2 (2.4–3.8) | 3.5 (2.7–4.2) | 3.4 (2.6–4.1) | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.76 | |
| Serum creatinine, mg/dl | 8.7 (5.7–13.0) | 6.4 (4.2–10.6) | 7.6 (5.1–11.0) | 6.5 (4.0–9.6) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.58 | |
| Leptin, ng/ml (n=285) | 9.9 (2.4–78.0) | 11.1 (3.6–83.0) | 8 (2.5–47.5) | 11.5 (3.8–47.8) | 0.08 | 0.74 | 0.97 | |
| Cholesterol, mg/dl | 185 (116–278) | 201 (116–274) | 197 (135–282) | 193 (131–301) | 0.12 | 0.78 | 0.47 | |
| Hemoglobin, g/L | 103 (87–121) | 100 (84–126) | 111 (91–130) | 105 (87–126) | 0.01 | 0.16 | 0.38 | |
| Ferritin, ng/ml (n=323) | 324 (103–714) | 294 (51–648) | 224 (79–746) | 249 (58–703) | 0.37 | 0.98 | 0.67 | |
| hsCRP, mg/L | 3.5 (0.6–23) | 4.7 (1.2–32) | 4.5 (0.6–47) | 8.5 (0.9–38) | 0.26 | 0.04 | 0.33 | |
| IL-6, pg/ml (n=317) | 7.2 (2.1–50.6) | 10.7 (2.5–108) | 6.3 (2.1–57.2) | 9.4 (3.0–57.5) | 0.89 | 0.41 | 0.18 | |
| TNF, pg/ml (n=271) | 9.6 (6.3–15.8) | 11 (7.2–26.6) | 9.8 (5.3–15.6) | 10.4 (7.2–21) | 0.13 | 0.01 | 0.06 | |
| Men, % | 42 | 53 | 29 | 33 | 0.03 | |||
| Diabetes mellitus, % | 25.4 | 54.0 | 17.9 | 35.3 | <0.001 | |||
| CVD, % | 23.1 | 53.1 | 26.9 | 55.9 | <0.001 | |||
| PEW, % | 14.3 | 34.7 | 19.7 | 64.7 | <0.001 | |||
| ACEI/ARBs, % | 75 | 25 | 57 | 43 | 0.19 | |||
| PO4− binders, % | 75 | 25 | 54 | 46 | 0.12 | |||
| Ca2+ blockers, % | 77 | 23 | 54 | 46 | 0.89 | |||
| Statins, % | 72 | 28 | 48 | 52 | 0.20 | |||
Categorical data are shown as n (%) or %, whereas continuous data as presented as the median (10th percentile–90th percentile). DEXA-LBMI, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry total lean body mass index; DEXA-FBMI, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry total fat body mass index; ; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; ACE/ARB, angiotensin-converting enzyme/angiotensin receptor blocker; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein.
For appropriate muscle mass, n=184 (56%).
For low muscle mass, n=146 (44%).
Two-factor multivariate ANOVA showing the effect (P value) attributed to the component of muscle strength, muscle mass, or the interaction term strength × mass.
For categorical values of sex through statin use, multivariate ANOVA cannot be applied and differences across the four categories were assessed by the chi-squared test.