Figure 3.

Effects of metformin and the IGF-1R inhibitor PPP on the proliferation of Ishikawa (left) and HEC-1B (right) endometrial cancer cells. The cells were serum-starved for 48 h followed by treatment with different concentrations of metformin and PPP for 72 h. Cell proliferation was then measured using the BrdU method. The results are shown as the mean ± standard error of the mean of triplicate samples, and are representative of three independent experiments. ^*P<0.05 vs. untreated cells and ^**P<0.01 vs. untreated cells, by one-way analysis of variance. IGF-1R, insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor; BrdU, 5-bromodeoxyuridine.